Unit 3A: Perception

Question 0

Bottom up processing

Answer 0

Analysis that begins with the sense receptors and works up to the brains integration of sensory information. Information going from our senses to the brain. Also known as feature analysis

Question 1

Perceptual process

Answer 1

The unconscious process we undergo to make sense of the infinite stimuli and sensations we encounter. Selecting, organizing, and interpreting our senses. How our mind interpret stimuli from our senses.

Question 2

Top-down processing

Answer 2

Information processing guided by higher-level processes, as when we construct perceptions drawing on our experience and expectations. Sensory information goes from the brain to the rest of the body. We perceive the missing gaps

Question 3

Theory of constructive perception

Answer 3

The theory in which the perceiver uses sensory information and other sources of information to construct a cognitive understanding of a stimulus. We create perceptual constructs out of the pieces of elements with the involvement of higher cognitive usage. Prior knowledge is required

Question 4

Direct perception

Answer 4

A theory arguing that sensory perception is the direct use of information from the surrounding environment. Our senses are all the need for perception. Prior knowledge is not required

Question 5

Adaptation

Answer 5

I just meant to some type of in my environmental change. Unconscious, temporary, change in response to environmental stimulus

Question 6

Habituation

Answer 6

A psychological learning process where in there is a decrease in response to a stimulus after being reportedly exposed to it. When one becomes accustomed to a stimulus.

Question 7

Dishabituation

Answer 7

The brief recovery of a response to the eliciting stimulus want another stimulus is added. When change causes us to notice the initial stimulus.

Question 8

Attention

Answer 8

Concentration on a particular process allows us to focus on small aspect in our perceptual world.

Question 9

Selective attention

Answer 9

The focusing of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus, as in the cocktail party effect. Focus on one particular thing. So it’s on one thing and ignore the rest.

Question 10

Cocktail party effect

Answer 10

The ability to attend selectively to only one voice among many

Question 11

Change blindness

Answer 11

A psychological phenomenon that occurs when a change in visual stimulus goes unnoticed by the observer

Question 12

Filter theories

Answer 12

Limit the amount of information to be attended to. The stimulus must pass through some filter or screen to enter our attention

Question 13

Attenuation resource theory

Answer 13

A theory that states we only have a fixed amount of attention

Question 14

Divided attention

Answer 14

When one is required to perform two tasks at the same time and attention is required for the performance of both tasks. Girls can multitask better than boys. Difficult when the same senses are used

Question 15

Illusion

Answer 15

Distortion of the senses which mislead us by playing on the ways we typically organize or interpret our sensations

Question 16

Visual capture

Answer 16

The tendency for vision to dominate the other senses. Vision always wins sense fights.

Question 17

Gestalt psychology

Answer 17

And organized hole. Gestalt psychologists emphasize our tendency to integrate pieces of information into meaningful holes. Gestalt psychology depends on figure ground

Question 18

Figure ground

Answer 18

The organization of the visual field into objects (the figures) that stand out from their surroundings (the ground). Our vision always spots figures and blurs the background.

Question 19

Proximity

Answer 19

Grouping of the nearby figures together. For example, the example is not six separate lines but three sets of two lines.

Question 20

Similarity

Answer 20

Figure similar to each other that our group together we see vertical columns rather than horizontal

Question 21

Symmetry

Answer 21

Our tendency to perceive mirror images.

Question 22

Continuity

Answer 22

We perceive smooth continuous pattern rather than discontinuous ones

Question 23

Closure

Answer 23

We complete objects by filling in gaps

Question 24

Connectedness

Answer 24

When uniform and linked, we perceive spots, lines, or areas as a single unit.

Question 25

The law of Pragnanz

Answer 25

Reality is organized or reduced to the simplest form possible. We tend to see objects in their samples form.

Question 26

Visual perception

Answer 26

The ability to interpret the surrounding environment by processing information that is contained in visible light. The ability to interpret light: depth, size, shape, and motion

Question 27

Visual cliff

Answer 27

And apparatus used to test depth perception in infants and young animals

Question 28

Depth perception

Answer 28

Introduced by Eleanor Gibson and Richard walk, the ability to see objects in three dimensions although the images that strike the retina are two dimensional; allows us to judge distance. Without this the world would be two dimensional

Question 29

Binocular cues

Answer 29

Depth cues, such as retinal disparity and convergence, that depend on the use of two eyes. A.k.a. stereopsis.

Question 30

Retinal disparity also known as binocular disparity

Answer 30

A binocular queue for perceiving depth: by comparing images from the two eyeballs, the brain computes distance-the greater the disparity (difference) between the two images, the closer the object.

Question 31

Convergence

Answer 31

A binocular queue for perceiving depth; the extent to which the eyes converge inward when looking at an object. For example, the brain computes whether you are focused on this printed page or on something else across the room.