Unit 2A: Assoc. Areas-klinfelters Syndrome

Question 0

Wernicke’s area

Answer 0

Gives people the ability to comprehend and interpret both spoken and written language.

Question 1

Association areas

Answer 1

Involved with higher mental functions such as learning, remembering, thinking, and speaking. They interpret, integrate, and act on the information processed by the sensory areas. Occupies 75% of the cerebral cortex, mostly in the left hemisphere.

Question 2

Broca’s area

Answer 2

In the frontal lobe; usually in the left hemisphere; directs the muscle movement involved in producing speech or language expression.

Question 3

Angular gyrus

Answer 3

Interprets written word into internal monologue (like when you read). Located in the occipital and temporal lobes.

Question 4

Aphasia

Answer 4

Impairment in producing and understanding language, caused by damage to brocas and wernickes areas. If wernickes is affected, one may sound fluent but lack syntax and grammar.

Question 5

Apraxia

Answer 5

Inability to organize movements and a disorder of motor planning.

Question 6

Agnosia

Answer 6

Difficulty processing sensory input. One can’t identify things or people, can’t recognize sounds, smells, touch. Can’t recognize those they know or things they know.

Question 7

Alexia

Answer 7

Loss of the ability to comprehend the meaning of written or printed words and sentences. Inability to read and understand what you’ve read.

Question 8

Brain plasticity

Answer 8

The brains capacity for modification as evident in brain recognition following damage(especially in children) and in experiments on the effects of experience on brain development. Brain plasticity helps firm, learn, and comprehend the new material. Forms new neural networks. Body can replace things like hemispheres.

Question 9

Phantom limb

Answer 9

When one loses a limb but feels that it is still there.

Question 10

Phones gage

Answer 10

Left frontal lobe was damaged-separated from his limbic system. He became impulsive and animalistic.

Question 11

Split brain

Answer 11

Cutting the connecting fibers(corpus callosum) between them. Separated the hemispheres. Roger Sperry was the first to try. Usually done to those with epilepsy.

Question 12

Corpus callosum

Answer 12

The large band of neural fibers connecting the two brain hemispheres and carrying messages between them.

Question 13

Brain lateralization

Answer 13

Also known as hemisphere specialization. How each hemisphere specializes in specific things. Deals with linear processing, analytical, and reasoning.

Question 14

Left hemisphere

Answer 14

Deals with the right side of the body. Deals with logic and calculation. Deals with present and relates to past (or our ability to talk about it).

Question 15

Right hemisphere

Answer 15

Controls the left side of the body. Deals with intuition, imagination, visual perception, the holistic perspective and deals with present and relates to future. Perception of spatial and nonverbal concepts.

Question 16

Endocrine system

Answer 16

The body’s “slow” chemical communication system; secrets hormones into the bloodstream.

Question 17

Hormones

Answer 17

Chemical messengers produced in one tissue and affect another.

Question 18

Pituitary gland

Answer 18

Controlled by the hypothalamus. Is the “master gland”-controls other glands. Regulates growth.

Question 19

Adrenal glands

Answer 19

Secrete epinephrine and norepinephrine which help arouse the body in time of stress. Deal with fight or flight along with sympathetic.

Question 20

Thyroid glands

Answer 20

Secretes hormones that regulate growth and development through the rate of metabolism. Tells us how our body uses it’s energy. Hypo-slow/hyper-fast thyroidism.

Question 21

Sex glands

Answer 21

Ovaries: release estrogen
Tested: release testosterone

Question 22

Genetics

Answer 22

The application of the principles in evolutionary theory to the study of behavior. Contain segments of DNA that produce proteins that control human traits(genes)

Question 23

Traits

Answer 23

Distinctive characteristics or behavior patterns determined by genetics.

Question 24

Dominant traits

Answer 24

More likely to be expressed in offspring

Question 25

Recessive trait

Answer 25

Less likely to be expressed in offspring.

Question 26

Genotype

Answer 26

All possible combinations of ones genes.

Question 27

Phenotype

Answer 27

An observable result in characteristics of an individual. Visual/what you actually get.

Question 28

Identical twins

Answer 28

Share the same genetic material. Develop from a single fertilized egg that splits.

Question 29

Thomas Bouchard

Answer 29

Studies identical twins raised apart.

Question 30

Down syndrome

Answer 30

A defect involving chromosomes. Usually have broad or flat faces, short, stubby fingers, and ski fold at their eyes(makes them look Asian).

Question 31

Huntington’s Chorea

Answer 31

A hereditary disease marked by degeneration of the brain cells; the muscles become impaired and begin to degenerate.

Question 32

Turner’s syndrome

Answer 32

Only one x-chromosome(23rd pair), causing developmental abnormalities and infertility. Only in women, unusual shortness, webbed neck’s, differences in sexual development.

Question 33

Klinfelter’s syndrome

Answer 33

Extra X-chromosome, only men, minimal sexual development, feminine characteristics, extreme introverts, have small testicles.