Unit 1A: History Of Psychology

Question 0

Socrates and Plato

Answer 0

Believed the mind to be separable from the body and continued after death. They also believed in innate ideas.

Question 1

Trephination

Answer 1

A surgical procedure in which a home is placed into the skull in order to reach the brain. Used to release “evil spirits”. If the person remained the same then the spirit didn’t want to leave.

Question 2

Aristotle

Answer 2

He believed the mom and body were inseparable. He believes that knowledge grows from experience. And was an ancestor of science because he believed in data.

Question 3

Why were Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle important to psychology?

Answer 3

They all contributed great amounts of intellect which allowed their ancestors to add to after other discoveries.

Question 4

René Descartes

Answer 4

Agreed with Socrates that the mind and body were separate but he believed in inborn knowledge.

Question 5

John Locke

Answer 5

Believed in Tabula Rasa: the brain at birth was a “blank slate” and knowledge grew from experiences. He introduces empiricism to psychology.

Question 6

Empiricism

Answer 6

The view that knowledge originates from experience and that science should rely on observation and experimentation.

Question 7

Thomas Hobbes

Answer 7

Fathered the thoughts of materialism

Question 8

Materialism

Answer 8

The belief that the mind and spirit were not relevant but matter and energy were.

Question 9

Wilhelm Wundt

Answer 9

Designed an experiment in 1879 which was considered the birth if psychology. Wilhelm is known as the father if psychology. Made the first psychological laboratory.

Question 10

Edward R. Titchner

Answer 10

He brought psychology to the U.S. Introduces structuralism. He wanted to discover the elements of the mind by engaging people in self-reflective activities.

Question 11

Structuralism

Answer 11

An early school of psychology that used introspection to explore the elemental structure if the human mind (self-reflection).

Question 12

William James

Answer 12

Believed that people’s’ actions were acquired through their ancestors (Darwinism, “survival of the fittest”, etc) people did the things they did because it was what their ancestors did. (Acquired genetically)

Question 13

Functionalism

Answer 13

A school of psychology that focused on how mental and behavioral processes function-how they enable the organism to adapt, survive, and flourish.

Question 14

Principles of Psychology

Answer 14

The first educational informative about psychology for the public. First psych textbook

Question 15

Mary Calkins

Answer 15

Earned a Ph.D from Harvard in psych but did bit receive it due to sexism until after her death. She was the first female president of the American Psychological Association 1905

Question 16

Gestalt

Answer 16

The study of people as a whole. It was not a successful school of thought. It was later overruled by other studies.

Question 17

Max Wertheimer

Answer 17

Founded gestalt psychology; holistic psychological approach.

Question 18

Psychoanalysis

Answer 18

The idea of the unconscious founded by Sigmund Freud (state of mind we are not aware of).

Question 19

Behaviorism

Answer 19

Study of how we learn behavior, introduced my John Watson.

Question 20

Definition of psychology before 1920’s

Answer 20

The science if mental life

Question 21

The definition of psychology from the 20’s-60’s

Answer 21

The science of observable behavior

Question 22

The current definition of psychology

Answer 22

The science if behavior and mental processes.