Unit 1A: Column 2 Flashcards
Rationality Vs. Irrationality
Focuses on how the brain interprets situations. Ones ability to assess situations correctly is driven from this process.
Stability Vs. Change
Focuses on whether our personalities change as we age and on which individuals remain the same and which have drastic changes to their personalities.
Nature Vs. Nurture
Few believed that knowledge is predetermined from ancestors and others believed that knowledge is taught through the senses and throughout life. Nurture works on what nature endows.
Natural selection
The process whereby organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring.
Humanistic perspective
An individuals capacity for self-fulfillment and growth or the study of the whole person.
Abraham Maslow
Father of humanistic psychology who believed that thoughts should focus on the potential of individuals and their need for growth and self-actualization.
Carl Rogers
Developed the concept of the fully functioning person and free will
Neuroscience/bio psychology
How the brain and body affect emotions, memories, and sensory experiences.
Behavior genetics
Focuses on how heredity and experience influence our individual differences in temperament.
Evolutionary psychology
Analyzes the influences of our behavior.
Psychodynamic aka: pycholoanalysis
How behavior springs from unconscious drives and conflicts.
Sigmund Freud
Father of psychoanalysis: a method for treating psychological pathology by means of dialogue between the patient and the psychiatrist.
Behavioral perspective
How we learn observable responses and how they are changed.
Ivan Pavlov
Described the psychological phenomenon known as classical conditioning. Laid the foundation for behaviorism.
John Watson
Father of behaviorism which emphasizes objective and observable data such as people’s behavior and reactions, as opposed to internal processes that cannot be observed like mental states or thought processes. Baby Albert and the rat
B.F Skinner
Developed the theory of operant conditioning which uses reinforcers or consequences to change behavior. Conditioning through rewards or punishments.
Cognitive perspective
How we encode, process, store, and retrieve information.
Social cultural/ sociocultural perspective.
How behavior and thinking vary across situations and cultures.
Eclectic/multiple perspectives
Multiple/ diverse choices about behavior.
Research
A collection of information by an individual on a certain subject.
Basic Vs. Applied research
Basic research aims to increase the scientific knowledge base while applied research is science that aims to solve practical problems.
Clinical psychologists Vs. Psychiatrists
Ph.D needed for clinical psychology while counseling assists people with problems in living and achieving a better well-being. Psychiatrists assess and prescribe medication to aid the individual.
