Unit 5 Test Flashcards
agribusinesses
Large corporation that provides a vast array of goods and services to support the agricultural industry
agrichemicals
Chemical compounds obtained from petroleum and natural gas for use in agriculture; agrichemicals include fertilizers, pesticides, and herbicides
Agricultural cooperative
An organization where farmers pool their resources in certain areas of activity such as services or production; services or production resources are provided to individual farm members
Agricultural landscape
The visible imprint of agricultural practices
agriculture
The planting and harvesting of domesticated plants and the raising of domesticated animals for food
aquaculture
The cultivation and harvesting of aquatic organisms under controlled conditions
aquifer
Underground water deposited hundreds of thousands of years ago
arid climate
A climate that receives less than 10 inches (25 centimeters) of rain annually
bid-rent theory
Explains how the demand for and price of land decrease as its distance from the central business district increases
biodiesel
Fuel made from vegetable oils
biodiversity
The variety and variability among species and ecosystems
biofuel
A fuel derived from organic wastes or plant materials
cadastral survey
Systematic documentation of property ownership, shape, use, and boundaries
capital expedentures
Assets that cost money, such as land, machinery, synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, seeds, and livestock feed
cash crops
A crop raised to be sold for profit rather than to feed the farm family and the livestock; common cash crops are cotton, flax, hemp, coffee, and tobacco
cassava
A root vegetable native to South America
central business district
A dense cluster of offices and shops located at a city’s most accessible point, usually its center
cereal grains
Seeds that come from a wide variety of grasses cultivated around the world, including wheat, barley, sorghum, millet, oats, and maize (corn)
climate
The average pattern of weather over a 30-year period for a particular region
clustered settlement or farm village
A tightly bunched farm settlement that has anywhere from a few dozen to several hundred inhabitants
colombian exchange
The interaction and widespread transfer of plants, animals, culture, human populations, technology, disease, and ideas between the Americas, West Africa, and the Old World in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries
commercial agriculture
Farming oriented exclusively toward the production of agricultural commodities for sale in the market
commodity
A primary agricultural product or raw material that is bought, sold, and traded
commodity chain
A series of links connecting a commodity’s many places of production and distribution