Modules 48-49 Flashcards
(25 cards)
Fordism
The economic and social arrangement based on the mass production of standardized goods, high Labor union membership rates, and full time manufacturing employment, and high factory wages that enables mass consumption.
Corporate Disinvestment
A process in which companies stop investing in factory construction, equipment, and improvement and begin selling off assets, such as machinery, buildings and land.
Offshoring
The relocation of manufacturing and support services from 1 country to another.
Outsourcing
The transfer of part of a firm’s internal operations to a 3rd party.
Deindustrialization
The decline, and sometimes complete disappearance, of employment in the manufacturing sector in the core’s industrial centers.
Special Economic Zone
Specific area within a country’s borders where business and trade laws are different from those in the rest of the country.
Export processing zones (EPZ)
Industrial zone with special incentives to attract foreign investment to places where imported materials undergo processing or assembly before being re-exported.
Free-Trade Zones (FTZ)
Specially designates duty-free area that provides warehousing, storage, and distribution facilities for goods intended for trade or re-export.
New internal division of labor
The special shift of manufacturing from developed countries to developing countries, including that global seating of labor markets and industrial sites.
Post Fordism
The shifts from manufacturing centers to spatially dispersed production sites from standardized mass production to specialized bath production, and from a permanent workplace to temporary and contract workers.
Just-in-time Manufacturing
The production of small batches of goods as needed by customer demand.
High-Technology Industries
An industry that develops and uses the most advanced technologies available and has the highest levels of research and development.
Agglomeration Economies
Occur where firms cluster spatially in order to take advantage of geographic concentrations of skilled labor and industry supplies, specialized infrastructure, and ease of face-to-face contact with industry participants.
Multiplier Effects
The creation of new business and jobs in other industries as the result of investment in a different industry.
Growth Poles
Geographically pinpointed center of economic activity organized around a designated industry, commonly in the high-tech sector.
Sustainable development
Development that meets present consumption needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their consumption needs.
Resource Depletion
The consumption of natural resources faster than they can be replenished.
Environmental Pollution
The contamination of the physical (air, water,earth) and biological components of the environment to the point that normal functions are negatively affected.
Point Source Pollution
Any single identifiable source from which contaminants are discharged, such as pipe or smokestack.
Nonpoint source pollution
Contamination originally from multiple diffuse sources.
Climate Change
A long term shift in global or regional climate patterns
Cogeneration
Producing 2 forms of energy from 1 fuel.
Carbon Neutral
Achieving zero C02 releases through a combination of emissions reduction and carbon removal.
Carbon Offsets
Processes that remove or sequester (store) carbon from the atmosphere to make up for C02 emissions elsewhere.
