Module 33-34

Question 1

Agriculture

Answer 1

The planting and harvesting of domestic plants and the raising of domesticated animals for food.

Question 2

Domesticated Plant

Answer 2

A plant that is deliberately planted, protected, cared for, and is used by humans and is genetically distinct from its wild ancestors.

Question 3

Domesticated Animal

Answer 3

An animal that depends on people for food and shelter and is different from its wild ancestors in looks and behavior as a result of close contact with humans.

Question 4

Farmers

Answer 4

Farmers who raise crops and livestock to sell in the market at a profit rather than raising them for their own consumption.

Question 5

Nutrients

Answer 5

Components of topsoil (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium) necessary for plants to survive, grow, and reproduce.

Question 6

Topography

Answer 6

The arrangement of shapes on Earth’s surface.

Question 7

Climate

Answer 7

The average pattern of weather over a 30-year period for a particular region.

Question 8

Weather

Answer 8

The day to day atmospheric conditions that affect daily decisions.

Question 9

Tropical Wet Climates

Answer 9

A climate located along the equator that experiences rain everyday of the year.

Question 10

Tropical wet and dry climates

Answer 10

A climate located along the equator that has a dry season with little to no rain, usually, in the winter, is subject to monsoons.

Question 11

Monsoon

Answer 11

Seasonal reversal of winds with a general onshore movement in the summer and a general offshore movement in the winter, onshore winds bring monsoon rains.

Question 12

Monsoon Rains

Answer 12

Long periods of heavy rains ever day at the end of a short dry season.

Question 13

Arid

Answer 13

A climate that receives less than 10 inches of rain annually.

Question 14

Semiarid

Answer 14

A climate that receives about 10-20 inches of rain annually that can support farming, also known as a steppe climate.

Question 15

Moderate Climate

Answer 15

A climate with an average year-round temperature of 75 degrees Fahrenheit; found north and south of the equator on the edges of tropical climates.

Question 16

Humid Subtropical

Answer 16

A climate with long hot summers and short, mild winters with variable precipitation; found on the east coasts of countries.

Question 17

Marine West Coast Climate

Answer 17

A climate found along western coasts of continents closer to the poles; characterized by moderate temperatures during long summers and cool winters.

Question 18

The Mediterranean Climate

Answer 18

A climate with winter precipitation, unusually mild winters, and clear skies with abundant sunshine; found along the Mediterranean sea and a few coastal regions.

Question 19

Continental Climate

Answer 19

A climate that has a large range of temperatures and moderate precipitation; found in the interior of continents, north of the moderate climate zone.

Question 20

Humid Continental

Answer 20

A climate with a wide range of temperatures, moderate precipitation, and 4 distinct seasons; warm/hot summers, moderate/abundant rainfall (20-50 inches), cold winters (precipitation=snow)

Question 21

Humid Cold

Answer 21

A climate with frigid temperatures nearly year-round found in norther reaches of the continental climate zone and often described as subarctic.

Question 22

Intensive Agriculture Practices

Answer 22

Crop cultivation and livestock rearing system that use high levels of labor and capital relative to the size of the landholding.

Question 23

Subsistence agriculture

Answer 23

Food production mainly for consumption by the farming family and local community, rather than principally for sale in the market.

Question 24

Market Gardening

Answer 24

A small scale farming system in which a farmer plants one to a few acres that produce a diverse mixture of vegetables and fruits, mostly for sale in local and regional markets.

Question 25

Truck Farm

Answer 25

A scaled-up version of market gardening, with more acrege, less crop diversity, and a stronger orientation toward more distinct markets.

Question 26

Plantation Agriculture

Answer 26

Large landholding devoted to capital-intensive, specialized production of a single tropical or subtropical crop for the global marketplace.

Question 27

Mixed Crop/livestock Agriculture

Answer 27

A diversified system of agriculture based on the cultivation of cereal grains and root crops (potatoes and yams) and the rearing of herd livestock.

Question 28

Cereal Grains

Answer 28

Seeds that come from a variety of grasses cultivated around the world (wheat, braley, sorghum, millet, oats, corn)Mi

Question 29

Millet

Answer 29

A fast growing cereal plant that is widely grown in warm regions with poor soil.

Question 30

Root Crops

Answer 30

Vegetables that farm below ground and must be dug at maturity, such as cassava, potatoes, and yams.

Question 31

Cash crops

Answer 31

A crop raised to be sold for profit rather than to feed the farm family and the livestock (cotton, flax, hemp, coffee, tobacco)

Question 32

Peasants

Answer 32

Small-scale farmers who own their fields, rely chiefly on family labor, and produce both for their own subsistence and for sale in the market.

Question 33

Paddy Rice Farming

Answer 33

A system of wet rice cultivation on small level fields bordered by impermeable dikes; the fields (paddies) are flooded with 4-6 inches of water for about 3/4 of the growing season

Question 34

Grain Farming

Answer 34

A highly mechanized commercial farming system that specializes in the production of cereal grains; requires large fields and widespread use of machinery, synthetic fertilizer, pesticides, and genetically engineered seeds.

Question 35

Livestock Farming

Answer 35

An intensive system of animal feeding utilizing fenced enclosures to fatten livestock, mostly cattle and hogs, for slaughter and processing for the market.

Question 36

Feedlots

Answer 36

A fenced enclosure used for intensive livestock feeding that serves to limit livestock movement and associated weightloss.

Question 37

Dairy Farming

Answer 37

A farming system that specializes in breeding, rearing, and utilization of livestock (primarily cows) to produce milk and its various by products (yogurt, butter, and cheese)

Question 38

Extensive Agriculture

Answer 38

Crop cultivation and livestock rearing systems that require little hired labor or monetary to successfully raise crops and animals.

Question 39

Shifting Cultivation

Answer 39

The cultivation of a plot of land until it becomes less productive, typically over a period of about 3-5 years; when productivity drops, the farmer shifts to a new plot of land that has been prepared by a slash-and-burn agriculture.

Question 40

Slash-and-burn agriculture

Answer 40

Agriculture that involves cutting small plots in forests or woodlands, burning the cuttings to clear the ground and release nutrients, and planting in the ask of the cleared plot.

Question 41

Inter-cropping

Answer 41

The farming practice of planting multiple crops together in the same clearing.

Question 42

Nomadic Herding

Answer 42

A system of breeding and rearing heard livestock, such as cattle, sheep, or goats, by following the seasonal movement of rainfall to areas of open pastureland.

Question 43

Tundra

Answer 43

The vast, flat, treeless arctic region of Europe, Asia, North America in which the subsoil is frozen.

Question 44

Livestock Ranching

Answer 44

The practice of using extensive tracts of land to rear herds of livestock to sell as meat, hides, or wool.

Question 45

Rural Area

Answer 45

Area located outside of towns and cities; all of the space, population, and housing not included in an urban area

Question 46

Rural Settlement

Answer 46

Small group of people living outside of an urban area.

Question 47

Agricultural Landscape

Answer 47

The visible imprint of agricultural practices.

Question 48

Grain Elevators

Answer 48

Large storage facility for grain

Question 49

Suitcase Farms

Answer 49

In U.S. commercial grain agriculture regions, a farm in which no one lives; planting and harvesting are done by hired migratory crews.

Question 50

Silo

Answer 50

Round or square tower like structure that stores feed for livestock on the farm.

Question 51

Rural settlement patterns

Answer 51

The ways in which people organize themselves on the land

Question 52

Clustered Settlements

Answer 52

A tightly bunched farm settlement that has anywhere from a few dozen to several hundred inhabitants.

Question 53

Farmstead

Answer 53

A center of farm operations which includes that farmhouse, barns, shed, livestock pens, and family garden.

Question 54

Dispersed settlement

Answer 54

A settlement patterns in which families live relatively distant from each other.

Question 55

Linear Settlement

Answer 55

A settlement patterns in which buildings are arranged in a line, often along a road or river; limited to areas where legal systems dictated that property lines must be rectangular.

Question 56

Survey methods

Answer 56

The methods used by surveyors to lay out property lines.

Question 57

Cadastral Survey

Answer 57

Systematic documentation of property ownership, shape, use, and boundaries.

Question 58

Metes and Bounds

Answer 58

Survey system that uses natural features such as trees, boulders, and streams to delineate property boundaries.

Question 59

Township and Range

Answer 59

Land survey system created by the U.S. land ordinance of 1785, which divides most of the country's territory into a grid of square shaped townships with 6 mile sides.

Question 60

Long Lot

Answer 60

A unit-block surveying system whose basic unit is a rectangle that is typically 10 times longer than it is wide. yo