Module 35-36

Question 1

Domestication

Answer 1

The long-term process through which humans selectively breed, protect, and care for individuals taken from populations of wild plants and animal species to create genetically distinct species, known as domesticans.

Question 2

First Agricultural Revolution

Answer 2

Period during which the early domestication and diffusion of plants and animals and the cultivation of seed crops led to the development of agriculture.

Question 3

Teosinte

Answer 3

Large wild grass native to Mexico that produced the small ears of maize that were favored among early groups in mesoamerica.

Question 4

Mesoamerica

Answer 4

The cultural region in the Americas that includes the diverse of civilizations in the modern-day countries of Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, Belize, El Salvador, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica.

Question 5

Biodiversity

Answer 5

The variety and variability among species and ecosystems.

Question 6

Hearths

Answer 6

A center where innovations or new practices develop and from which the innovations or new practices spread or diffuse.

Question 7

The fertile crescent

Answer 7

Area in southwest asia that includes the river alleys of the Tigris and Euphrates; the earliest center for domestication of seed plants. The origin of cereal grains & first major animal domestications

Question 8

Indus River Valley

Answer 8

Area along the Indus River that flows from the highlands of Tibet and continues down a long the border between present day Pakistan and India; a site of the earliest domestication of plants & herd animals. farmers domesticated rice

Question 9

Colombian Exchange

Answer 9

The interaction and widespread transfer of plants, animals, culture, human populations, technology, disease, and ideas between the Americas, West Africa, and the old world in the 15th and 16th centuries.

Question 10

Second Agricultural Revolution

Answer 10

Period that brought improved methods of cultivation, harvesting, and storage of farm produce that began in the late 1600s and continued through the 1930s.

Question 11

Seed Drill and Steel Plow

Answer 11

A machine for planting seeds in a row.

Question 12

Mechanical Reaper

Answer 12

A machine used to harvest grain crops mechanically, patented by Cyrus McCormik in 1831.

Question 13

Scythe

Answer 13

An agricultural hand tool with a curved blade used for cutting grain in the fields.

Question 14

Agrichemicals

Answer 14

Chemical compounds detained from petroleum and natural gas for use in agriculture; agrichemicals include fertilizers, pesticides, and herbicides.

Question 15

Synthetic Ferilizer

Answer 15

Industrially manufactured nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, made from petroleum byproducts; contains higher concentrations of nutrients for plants than natural fertilizers.

Question 16

Pesticides

Answer 16

Material used to kill or repel animals or insects that can damage, destroy or inhibit crop growth.

Question 17

Herbicide

Answer 17

Pesticides designed to kill or inhibit the growth of unwanted plants (weeds) that compete with crops.

Question 18

Nutrient pollution

Answer 18

Consequence of overuse of fertilizer, occurs when excess nutrients seep down into groundwater or are carried into hearby waterways as runoff.

Question 19

Runoff

Answer 19

The flow or irrigation of water over land.