Modules 50-52 Flashcards
Built Environment
The human-made space in which people live, work, and engage in leisure activities on a daily basis.
Smart Growth
Policies that combat regional sprawl by addressing issues of population density and transportation.
Compact Design
Development that grows up (in the form of taller buildings_ rather than out (in the form of urban sprawl)
Diverse Housing Population
Policy that encourages building quality housing for people and families of all life stages and income levels in a range of prices within a neighborhood.
New Urbanism
An approach to city planning that focuses on fostering European-Style cities of dense settlements, attractive architecture, and housing of different types of prices within walking distance to shopping, restaurants, jobs, and public transportation.
Greenbelt
A zone of grassy, forested, or agricultural land separating urban land.
Slow-Growth Cities
A city that changes its zoning laws to decrease the rate at which the city spreads horizontally, with the goal of avoiding the negative affects of sprawl.
Zoning
The classification of land according to restrictions on its use and development.
Anti-Displacement Tenant Activists
Advocates for poor and working-class residents who are at risk of loosing their affordable housing to new development.
De Facto Segregation
Racial segregation that is not supported by law but is still apparent. (not on ethnicity, but rich and poor)
Mortgage
A loan that is taken out to purchase a home.
Redlining
The practice of identifying high-rise neighborhoods on a city map and refusing to lend money to people who want to buy property in those neighborhoods.
Blockbusting
A practice in which realtors persuade white homeowners in a neighborhood to sell their homes by convincing them that the neighborhood is declining due to black farmers moving in.
White Flight
The mass movement of white people from the city to the suburbs.
Affordability
The maximum price that a buyer can afford to pay for a house or apartment.
Housing Choice Voucher Program
A federal government program to assist very low income families, the elderly, and the disabled with affordable, decent, safe, and sanitary housing.
Violent Crime
A category of crime that includes murder, rape, robbery, or aggravated assault.
Social Controls
Formal or informal institutions that help maintain law and order in a place.
Environmental Injustice
The movement to fix enviromental discrimination.
Environmental Racism
Occurs when areas inhabited by low income people of color are targeted from environmental contamination.
Squatter Settlements
An area of degraded, seemingly temporary, inadequate, and often illegal housing.
Land Tenure
The right to own or hold prptery; it defines the ways in which rights to that property are managed.
Inclusionary Zoning (IZ)
Municipal and county planning ordinances that require a given share of new construction to be affordable for people with low to moderate incomes.
Exclusionary “snob” Zoning
Zoning that attempts to keep low to moderate income people out of a neighborhood.
NIMBYs
Abbreviation for “not in my backyard”, term for a person who tries to prevent the construction of affordable housing and other types of development in their neighborhoods.
Below Market Rate Housing
Housing that costs much less than the going rate.
Urban Renewal
Large-scale redevelopment of the built environment in downtown and older inner-city neighborhoods.
Fiscial Imbalance
Occurs when a government must spend more than is receives in taxes.
Fiscial Zoning
The practice of using local land use regulation to preserve and possible enhance the local property tax base.
Ecological Footprint
The total amount of natural resources used and their impact on the natural environment.
Urban Heat Island
A mass of warm air in cities, generated by urban building materials and human activities, that sits over a city.
Urban Footprint
The spatial extent of an urban area’s impacts on the natural environment.
Urban Risk Divide
The idea that disasters and disaster risk become urban phenomena as the world’s population becomes increasingly concentrated in large cities.
Brownfields
A property whose use or development may be complicated by the potential presence of hazardous subsistence or pollutants.
Brownfield Remediation
The process of removing or sealing off contaminants so that a site may be used again without any health concerns.
Phytoremediation
The removal of contaminants with plant species that react or degrade contaminants or draw up contaminants from the soil into shoots and leaves.
Farmland Protection Policy Act (FPPA)
U.S. law that grants municipalities oversight over federally funded development projects on farmland.
Scattered Development
Subdivisions or developments that do not abut existing settlements and that remove agricultural land from production.
