Unit 5 - Religion,Peace And Conflict✔️(paper 2)

Question 1

Jesus’ teachings on violence and bullying?

Answer 1

Jesus taught that anger and violence should nearly always be avoided - jesus said to his desciples “peace I leave with you, my peace i give to you” - Jesus also taught about the power of the tongue and words which can have damaging effects on other - people should be careful what they say to others - “no one can tame the tongue”

Question 2

Define forgiveness?

Answer 2

Showing grace and mercy - pardoning someone for what they have done wrong

Question 3

what does Jesus say about forgivness?

Answer 3

Forgiveness should be without limits and forgiveness towards a fellow human being is essential if a person wants to be forgiven by God - stated in the lords prayer “And forgive us our debts as we have forgiven our debtors”

Question 4

how many times does Jesus say we should forgive someone?

Answer 4

Jesus taught we should always forgive others - and when peter asks if “seven times is enough Jesus reply’s “l tell you seventy-seven times” emphasises it should be infinite times

Question 5

define reconciliation?

Answer 5

the restoring of harmony after relationships have broken down - a sacrament in the catholic church

Question 6

define Justice?

Answer 6

bringing about what is right and fair or making up for a wrong that has been committed

Question 7

define righteous anger?

Answer 7

anger against an injustice some Christians use this term to describe anger that they believe is acceptable

Question 8

why do some Christians accept righteous anger?

Answer 8

can be used to help create justice - Jesus also displayed righteous anger when he drove the sellers from the temple - however christians accept that it should be channeled in a positive manner and to create a good change

Question 9

Views on violent and non violent-protests?

Answer 9

Some people believe violent protests are damaging and only result in damage and death but might be necessary to cause change(like the protests in the democratic republic in 2015 which were supported by the church) they also argue that non-violent protests do not always cause change

Question 10

Define Just war theory?

Answer 10

A set of criteria that a war needs to meet before it can be justfied

Question 11

Teachings on violence in the New testament?

Answer 11

-there are situations where the limited use of violence is acceptable - “The one who has no sword must sell his cloak and buy one”

Question 12

What are some of the conditions of the Just War theory?

Answer 12

-all over means of putting an end to it must have been tried
-must be a high chance of succcess
-only a legitamate authority can declare war

Question 13

Issues with Just war theory?

Answer 13

-some people think the JWT could be seen to endorse or defend the concept of war

-no longer relevant in morder war - use of nuclear weapons with kill civilians and military targets

-we should focus more on preventing war then what war should be like

Question 14

3 reason for the catholic churchs opposition of nuclear weapons and weapons of mass destruction?

Answer 14

-the effect of these weapons do not indiscriminate - innocent civilians are killed - neighbouring countrys can be affected and dont just hit military targets

-possibility of success is small - effects so devestating there are no winners everyone looses

-money spent on building and maintaining WMD could be spent on improving peoples lifes

-damages the enviorment on a large scale - we should be stewards of the earth - laudato Si

Question 15

What are WMD - weapons of mass destruction?

Answer 15

Weapons that can kill large numbers of people and can cause great damage

Question 16

Views for the use and maintaining of nuclear weapons?

Answer 16

-necessary to deter aggresive attacks from other countries and are needed for self defence

-other hostile countrys have nuclear weapons which could threaten nation security

Question 17

Catholic church teachings on civilian casualties?

Answer 17

Modern warfare and modern weapons means more civilians die then military targets and the catholic church teaches that non combatants,wounded soldiers and prisoners must be respected and treated humanely and civilians not involved in fighting should not be targeted or threatend

Question 18

Catholic church teachings on refugees?

Answer 18

Refugees should be welcomed and protected by all countries - during the syrian refugee crisis Pope Francis preached that we all need to come together as a community and house a family

Question 19

Catholic teachings on the enviormental damage of war?

Answer 19

As stewards of the earth we have responsibility to limit the damage done to the enviorment

Question 20

Quotes that show god wants peace and is against war?

Answer 20

-“neither shall they learn war any more”
-“eye for eye,tooth for tooth”
-“live by the sword, die by the sword”

Question 21

Define what a holy war is?

Answer 21

Fighting for a religious cause or God probably controlled by a religious leader - for christians a holy war must be approved by a religious leader who has great authority

Question 22

Example of a holy war?

Answer 22

Crusades (eleventh and fifteenth centuries) various popes called upon christians to go to the holy land to free the holy places

Question 23

Arguments in support for the crusades?

Answer 23

-crusaders were aiming to fight injustice,particulary the injustic done to christians by non christians
-crusades were authorised by the pope - God repersentative on earth so they must have been gods will

Question 24

Importance of the Pope with global peace?

Answer 24

-organises meetings with countries engaged in conflict
-leads the crowds in the vatican square in prayer often asking them to pray for world peace
-organised international football match in Rome (olympic stadium) to raise funds for children in need

Question 25

What do catholic agencies like CAFOD do to help and provide international aid?

Answer 25

-2002 CAFOD established orphanges to rescue children and started education and rehabilitation programs

-2014 Aid to the church in need spent a million pounds providing shelter,blankets,medecine and food

-2015 caritas international provided shelter,food and water to victims of the fighting in Niger

Question 26

What can we do to help others involved in war or conflict?

Answer 26

-donate money
-donate goods to charity
-volunteer for charities
-pray for victims

Question 27

Define terrorism?

Answer 27

Unlawful use of violence against innocent civilians to achieve political goals often by a indivisual or group of people who share certian beliefs

Question 28

Issues with terrorism?

Answer 28

can create a climate of fear in which people are afraid to go about there daily lives aswell as destruction an death to innocent civilians

Question 29

Bibles belief on terrorism?

Answer 29

-goes against the state of peace that god wishes

-it goes against goverments - with Pauls teachings being to obey the civil authorities as they “have been put in power by God”

Question 30

Examples of terrorism in Britian?

Answer 30

-IRA bombings
-London terror attacks
-manchester bombing

Question 31

Define torture?

Answer 31

The use of severe physical or psychological pain to punish someone or force them to do or say something and is illegal under international law even in war

Question 32

Catholics view on torture?

Answer 32

Believe that torture is almost always wrong regardless of the situation as it is barbaric,inhuman practice that denies the victim basic human rights however some argue if the information gained can be used to prevent a greater wrong (eg a plot to kill many people) then it would be an evil to prevent a greater evil

Question 33

Define radicalisation?

Answer 33

Adopting extreme views on religous social or political issues and can lead them to be unwilling to accept any alternative views - the catholic hurch urges people to reject radicalisation because it encourages tension in the world

Question 34

Issues with radicalisation?

Answer 34

threat to stability of society and security of britian and can potentialy lead to terrorism

Question 35

Define martydom?

Answer 35

The sufering or death of a martyr (a person who dies or suffers because of their beliefs)

Question 36

Views on martyrs?

Answer 36

-some argue there is no belief worth dying for and there are different more effective ways to change others beliefs

-church values martyrs - jesus himself said “if any want to become my followers [..] take up the cross and follow me”

Question 37

Define pacifism?

Answer 37

The belief of people who refuse to take part in war and any other form of violence and that peacful means should always be used to resolve disputes

Question 38

Reasons Jesus was a pasifist?

Answer 38

-taught that force should not be used - “Do not resist an evildoer but if anyone strike you on the right cheek turn the other also” and “blessed ae the peacemakers”

-when he was arrested and a soldier attacked a slave he told him to put his sword back in its place because “for all who take the sword will perish by the sword”

Question 39

Who are the Religious society of friends?

Answer 39

The quakers a religious group which promote pacifism - during the war they worked as medics saving injured soldiers on both sides

Question 40

What is Pax Christi?

Answer 40

A catholic organisation aimed at trying to reconcile the war-torn countries in europe - today they work about bringing about justice and peace

Question 41

What is the work of Pax christi?

Answer 41

Supports the efforts of groups working at the local level by sharing experience and resources - it rejects the use of violence as a mean of solving disputes

Question 42

What is the Justice and peace commission and what do they do?

Answer 42

Founded in 1978 and is a national organisation that works within each diocese of the catholic church trying to reduce violence and tension and campaigns to remove nuclear weapons from the world and to reduce arms trade

Question 43

define a non-violent resistance?

Answer 43

Resisting goverment without using violence for example through peaceful protests and making a stand against an injustice a famous example would be Martin Luther King who was a christian and campaigned for equal rights for black people

Question 44

Jesus’ views on non-violent resistance?

Answer 44

Jesus supported non-violent protest when he said “love your enemies,do good to those who hate you”

Question 45

What is the apartheid?

Answer 45

Apartheid was the system of government in South Africa from 1958-1990 in which the law was the segregation (separation) of black and white people .

Question 46

How did mandela fight the goverment?

Answer 46

Started of with peacful protests where he encouraged people to break the pass book laws however after the sharpeville massacare he took part in bombing campaigns which were targeted at damaging goverment infrasturcture but did claim the lives of civilians

Question 47

What happend to Nelson Mandela?

Answer 47

Senteced to life in prison and was “prepared to die” for his idea of equal rights (spent 27 years in prison) was released in 1990 and became south africas first democratically elected president - he inspired the world by not seeking revenge for his treatment which would probably have caused a civil war believed only the future matters

Question 48

Quotes from the bible that support the idea of war?

Answer 48

-“i have not come to bring peace, but a sword”
-“for nation will rise agaisnt nation”
-“The lord is a man of war”
-“he will destroy these nations before you”

Question 49

Quotes from the bible that do not support the idea of war?

Answer 49

-“love your enemies and pray for those who persecute you”
-“Blessed are the peacemakers”
-“all who take the sword will perish by the sword”
-“you shall not murder”