Unit 10 - Eschatology (paper 1)

Question 1

What are the ‘four last things’ christians believe in?

Answer 1

• death
• judgement
• heaven
• hell

Question 2

Christian teachings on death?

Answer 2

• transition of a new phase of life without the limitations of the earthly body
• soul is judged by God and sent to heaven of hell

Question 3

Catholic teaching on the body and soul at the end of time?

Answer 3

at the end of time (judgement) - the body and soul will be united in a perfect form

Question 4

Christian teachings on judgement?

Answer 4

• after death God will judge everything a person did during their lifetime
• Gods judgement will be merciful - because Jesus died so all people could be saved

Question 5

Christian teachings on heaven?

Answer 5

• state of eternal happiness in the presence of God - without worry of care
• God respects everyones freewill - we have a choice to accept God in order to enter heaven

Question 6

Christians teachings on Hell?

Answer 6

• state of eternal seperation from God - an are in constant state of anger and frustration
• people send themselves to hell by not accepting God

Question 7

What is the paschal candle?

Answer 7

Large candle that has an important role in church services like the Easter vigil

Question 8

What happens during the easter vigil service?

Answer 8

• after the sun has set the priest lights a fire, and traces the designs of the alpha and omega symbols with his hands whilst saying a prayer
• priest lights the cande from the fire and says a prayer
• priest moves to altar whilst lighting candles held by everyone with the paschal candle

Question 9

Why do alpah and omega symbols appear on the paschal candle?

Answer 9

Shows that christ is eternal

Question 10

What does the paschal candel represent in the easter vigil service?

Answer 10

The light of christ coming into the world, to overcome darkness of sin and death - glory of christ shared to everyone through the lighting of the believers candles

Question 11

Why is a paschal candle lit for baptisms and funerals?

Answer 11

Shows the person has been filled with the light of christ - lit at funerals to show the deceased person has joined christ in the resurrected life

Question 12

Features of the paschal candle?

Answer 12

• five grains of incense represents the five wounds christ recieved
• alpha and omega symbols show christ is eternal
• candle represents the risen christ

Question 13

What is the last judgement?

Answer 13

Painting by michelangelo that depicts the final judgement

Question 14

fetaures of ‘the last judgement’ painting?

Answer 14

• chirst is the central figure in the painting - emphasises his importance as the judge of all, his right hand is raised reflecting the parable of the sheep and goats
• everyone except Mary and Jesus are naked - shows everyone is equal after death
• saints are holding the tools used to torture and kill them - all portrayed with perfect bodies

Question 15

How can ‘the last judgement’ help christians with their faith?

Answer 15

• saints presented with perfect bodies - shows those who stick to their faith will be raised up to heaven
• those who are good and follow God will rise up to Jesus those who do not will go to hell (larger book for people going to hell)

Question 16

Catholic teachings on the body?

Answer 16

Whole person, body and soul will be judged in Gods presence, and since its the temple of the holy spirit it should be treated with respect even after death

Question 17

Features of tombstones?

Answer 17

• often inscribed with RIP - prayer expressing hope that the person is in heaven
• shaped like a cross - shows the person believed in Jesus
• have angles carved on them - idea the angel will present them to God

Question 18

What is a tombstone?

Answer 18

Large carved stone that is placed over a persons grave - indicates the person believd in Jesus and expresses the hope they will be resurrected with Jesus

Question 19

What is a monument?significance?

Answer 19

Structure that is built to remember an important person or event - shows the person believed in Jesus and a reminder that Jesus died so everyone would be able to expirence heaven

Question 20

Features of monuments?significance?

Answer 20

In the middle ages monuments were often decorated with skeletons and symbols of decay - reflects the belief, no matter how important or wealthy a person is, they face death and God’s judgement like everyone else

Question 21

What are rememberance gardens?

Answer 21

Outside area where the ashes of people can be kept - many people today choose to be cremated

Question 22

Significance of remembrance gardens?

Answer 22

Help mourners reflect on the peace and beauty of heaven - and allows people to mourn in peace and feel close to the loved one

Question 23

Define eschatology?

Answer 23

The study of what will happen at the end of time

Question 24

3 bible teachings on the end of time?

Answer 24

• cosmic disasters - stars falling from heaven / sun darkening
• Jesus will come to judge the whole of creation
• reign of God will be established

Question 25

Early christians belief on resurrection?

Answer 25

• believed Jesus’ resurrection meants the end of the world would happen shortly
• all people would then be resurrected and taken into the presence of God

Question 26

Give evdience from St pauls letter on the apperance of the resurrected body?

Answer 26

• ‘If there is a physical body, there is also a spiritual body’

Question 27

Catholic teaching on purgatory?

Answer 27

Cleansing process after death where the effects of sins are removed so the person can feel happy in the presence of God

Question 28

What is particular judgement?

Answer 28

Happens immediately after a person dies when God judges someone on a personal individual basis - results in person going to hell or heaven

Question 29

What is final judgement?

Answer 29

Happens at the end of time - christ will come in glory and judge the whole of creation and the reign of God will be established and everything made perfect

Question 30

Contrasting christian views on life after death?

Answer 30

• many do not believe in purgatory
• some christians believe judgement happens during the second coming of christ

Question 31

Beiefly explain the parable of the rich man and Lazarus?

Answer 31

Story of a rich man who had everything but never gave to the poor, homeless man called Lazarus layed at the gates of his house when both men die the rich man goes to hell where he calls out to Abraham (who is in heaven)

Question 32

3 teachings from parable of the rich man and Lazarus?

Answer 32

• showing love and kindness to others will lead to heaven
• hell is a place of torment and isolation from God
• not possible to move between hell and heaven

Question 33

Evidence that shows it is not possible to move between heaven and hell?

Answer 33

• abraham tells the rich man there is a “great chasm” between heaven and hell
• can’t escape hell by repenting or apologising
• persons actions and choices lead them to hell

Question 34

How will having faith in Jesus lead people to heaven?

Answer 34

abraham replies to the rich man “if they do not listen to moses and the prophets … neither will they be convinced if somone rises from the dead” - means that if people do not listen to the scriptures of have faith in God they will not go to heaven

Question 35

What is cosmic reconciliation?

Answer 35

Idea that at the end of time, the whole of creation will be reconciled with God

Question 36

What does Jesus say to Julian of norwich when she asks why there is hell?

Answer 36

“It was necessary that there should be sin; but all shall be well and all shall be well” - shows God has given humans free will and the whole of creation will be brought together

Question 37

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