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GCSE - Religious Education > Unit 2 - Judaism Practices (paper 2) > Flashcards

Unit 2 - Judaism Practices (paper 2) Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Shabbat?

A

Shabbat is the Jewish holy day from sunset on Friday until sunset on Saturday it is a day of rest and a time to enjoy family life and worship - God told the Jews to celebrate and “keep the sabbath day holy”

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2
Q

Quotes on Shabbat?

A

“You shall not burn a fire in your dwelling on the day of Shabbat”

“Keep the sabbath day holy”

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3
Q

What food is placed on the table during Shabbat?

A

Wine or grape juice and two loaves of challah bread - wine symbolises joy and celebration - two loaves represent the two portions of manna(type of food) that God provided for the Israelites on Shabbat

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4
Q

What is challah bread?

A

Is a type of bread made with eggs that is usually braided before baking it is eaten on Shabbat - symbolises the food god gave the Israelites on Shabbat

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5
Q

How is the wine drunk on Shabbat and what does it symbolise?

A

Shabbat wine is sweet and usually drunk from a special goblet known as a Kiddush cup - drinking the wine symbolises joy and celebration

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6
Q

How are the candles lit during Shabbat?

A

Female member of the family lights the candles eighteen minutes before sunset to welcome Shabbat she will do this whilst waving/beckoning her arms and reciting a blessing and a prayer

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7
Q

What is the blessing the female family member will recite when lighting the candle?

A

“Blessed are you lord, our God, King of the universe who sanctifies us with his commandments, and commands us to light the candles of Shabbat?

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8
Q

What happens during the Friday meal?

A

After the evening service in the synagogue the parents bless the children and the household recites the Kiddush blessing while holding the Kiddush cup - family then say Amen

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9
Q

What happens after the Kiddush blessing?

A

Family say “amen” at the end of the blessing each family member then washes their hands as an act of purification

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10
Q

What is the challah bread dipped in?

A

Bread is cut into slices dipped into sprinkled salt and passed around to each other - salt symbolises the eternal covenant between God and Jews

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11
Q

When do boys have the brit milah?

A

When they are eight days old

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12
Q

What happens during the brit Milah?

A

A close friend or relative given the honour of placing the baby on an empty chair - trained circumciser picks the baby up and places him on the knee of a person chosen to be the “companion of the child” - boys father blesses the baby - others respond and a blessing is said over wine and the baby is formally named - the foreskin is then removed - it is a simple quick operation

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13
Q

What does the baby boy being placed in an empty chair symbolise?

A

Close friend or relative given the honour of placing the baby in an empty chair that symbolises the presence of the prophet Elijah

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14
Q

Who is the Sendek - brit Malah?

A

Sendeck is the “companion of child” it is a honoured role often given to the baby’s grandfather during the brit Malah

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15
Q

At what age are boys and girls considered old enough to take full responsibility for practising their faith?

A

Boys 13 and girls 12

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16
Q

When do boys have their bar mitzvah?

A

At 13 they will have their bar mitzvah ceremony and become a “son of the commandment”

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17
Q

When do girls have their Bat mitzvah?

A

When girls turn 12 they will have the bat mitzvah ceremony and become a “daughter of the commandment”

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18
Q

Teachings on bar and bat mitzvahs?

A

Their is no mention of ceremonies to mark coming of age in the Torah or Talmud but they are implied elsewhere

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19
Q

How is a bar mitzvah celebrated?

A

First opportunity after 13 birthday usually on the first Shabbat - boy is called to read from the Torah at the normal synagogue service - he will wear a tallit for the first time and may make a short speech - father thanks god for bringing his son to maturity-meal or party may be held after

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20
Q

How is a bat mitzvah celebrated?

A

Reform Jews often have a bat mitzvah ceremony and celebrations for girls - girl will read from Torah-give a short speech - often followed by a party/meal

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21
Q

How is a bar mitzvah celebrated by orthodox Jews?

A

Orthodox Jewish women do not take active role in synagogue worship-instead orthodox Jews may mark it will a family meal and gift - the girl may make a speech or give a brief Torah lesson at end of synagogue service

22
Q

What do Jews do when they hear about a death?

A

Jews make a tear on the right side of the chest when they hear about the death of a loved one - symbolises that death has torn a hole in the fabric of their life-when children hear about death of parents - tear the clothes next to the heart symbolises that death is a permanent tear in their heart

23
Q

Why do Jews tear their clothes when they hear about the death of a loved one?

A

In book of Genesis Jacob hears that joseph his son had tragically died he tears his clothes - “Jacob tore his clothes….and observed mourning for many days” - Jews incorporated this into Jewish law

24
Q

What is the blessing Jews say upon hearing about the death of a loved one?

A

Jews will say a blessing that refers to God as the “true Judge” showing they accept Gods taking of the persons life

25
Q

what are the four periods of mourning?

A

1) First period (24 hours)
2) second period - Shiva (7 days)
3) third period (30 days)
4) final period (11 months)

26
Q

What happens during first period of mourning?

A

Family stay with the body until they are buried - usually 24 hours

27
Q

What happens during the second period - Shiva?

A

Intense mourning for a weak - mourners stay at home sit on the floor and do not , wear shoes, makeup, shave or focus on their appearance - prayer services held in the home and Kaddish prayer recited

28
Q

What happens during the third period?

A

Normal life resumes - mourners will not go to party’s, music concerts, travel for pleasure ext..

29
Q

what happens during the final period?

A

Mourners and children still recti the Kaddish blessing daily - anniversary every year

30
Q

Why are Jews buried in a simple coffin?

A

Shows everyone is equal after death

31
Q

Define kosher?

A

Food Jews are allowed to eat

32
Q

Define trefah?

A

Food Jews are not allowed to eat

33
Q

Kosher food rule 1 - Requirements for Jews to eat food?

A

1)animials:
-have a split hoof
-eat grass
-have sevreal stomachs
2)Sea creatures:
-have fins
-have scales
3)Poultry:
-not be a bird of prey
-only eat grain
4)Fruit/vegetables:
-have to be clean

34
Q

Kosher food rule 2 - how to prepare food?

A

-do not mix with dairy - “You shall not boil a kid(baby goat) in its mothers milk”

-milk repersents ‘life’ should not be associated with death (meat)

35
Q

Kosher food rule 3 - storing food?

A

-must have 2 sets of pans - one for meat and one for dairy

-two different areas for preparing meat and dairy

36
Q

Kosher food rule 4 - how should animals be killed?

A

-animal must be healthy

-have its throat slit by a trained Jew

-blood drained from it - blood is not kosher

37
Q

What is Rosh Hashanah?

A

Jewish new year period - lasts for about 10 days and finished with Yom Kippur - time of judgment

38
Q

Jews belief about Rosh Hashanah?

A

Jews believe God judges their actions over the last year and decides how the year ahead will be - judgment influenced by Rosh Hashanah therefore they will make up with any wrongdoings

39
Q

What is blown in the synagogue to announce Rosh Hashanah?

A

Rams horn - Shofar - blown 100 times in the synagogue

40
Q

How is Yom Kippur observed?

A

“You will have a day of complete rest and self denial”

-no work is done
-no food/drink
-no sex
-white often worn as symbol of purity

41
Q

3 ways Jews celebrate Rosh Hashanah?

A

1) special meal at home
2) special prayers
3) special synagogue service

42
Q

What is the Seder meal?

A

On the first evening of Pascha families hold a Seder service and have a special meal - different aspects symbolise the struggle the Israelites suffered in Egypt

43
Q

What does the matzah symbolise - Pescah?

A

Unleavend bread - Reminds the jews that the Istralites left in such a hurry they did not have time for their bread to rise

44
Q

What does the charoset symbolise - Pescha?

A

Symbolises mortar used to make the pharoahs buildings - sweet taste symbolises freedom

45
Q

What does the lamb bone symbolise - Pescah?

A

Symbolises the sacrifice of the lamb - whose blood Jews put on the doors on the night of the Passover

46
Q

What does the roasted egg symbolise - Pescah?

A

-A symbol of the harshness of the Egyptians
-The new life offered to the Jews by God

*Not actually eaten

47
Q

What does the bitter herbs symbolise - Pescah?

A

Bitter herbs – like horseradish – are eaten (with matzvah) to symbolise the bitter suffering of the slaves in Egypt

48
Q

What does dipping the parsley symbolise - Pescah?

A

Next, a green vegetable -often parsley - is dipped into salt water.
• This reminds Jews of the sweat and tears of the slaves
• TheParsley is a symbol of the fresh start God gave the Israelites

49
Q

What does the wine symbolise - Pescah?

A

• First, four cups of wine are drunk to remind Jews of the four times God promised freedom to the Israelites
• Wine symbolises the joy of freedom

50
Q

3 ways Jews prepare for pesach?

A
  • eat unleavened bread for seven days each year
  • remove leaven(chametz) from the home this includes wheat, barley oats or grain
  • clean there home thoroughly so that not a trace of leaven can be found
51
Q

How long does pesach last for?

A

Seven or eight days and on the first evening of pesach families hold a Seder service and celebrate with a special meal

52
Q

What is Yom Kippur?

A

The day of Atonement - a day of fasting on the tenth day after Rosh Hashanah

GCSE - Religious Education (11 decks)

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