Unit 5 Part 2

Question 1

the lymphoid system includes (5)

Answer 1

lymphocytes, lymphatic vessels, lymph nodules, primary and secondary lymphoid organs

Question 2

name 3 lymphocytes

Answer 2

T cells, B cells and NK cells

Question 3

eg of secondary lymphoid organ

Answer 3

spleen and lymph nodes, MALT, GALT

Question 4

eg of primary lymphoid organs

Answer 4

bone marrow and thymus

Question 5

lymph nodules can be found

Answer 5

in Peyer’s patch in small intestine and tonsils

Question 6

what is hemopoietic stem cells

Answer 6

stem cells in adult bone marrow that give rise to immune system cells (also platelets and erythrocytes)

Question 7

leukocytes are derived from

Answer 7

lymphoid and myeloid lineages

Question 8

name 2 types of myeloid cells

Answer 8

monocytes/macrophages and granulocytes (BEN)

Question 9

fn of hemopoietic GF

Answer 9

promote development of stem cells into a specific type of cell

Question 10

eg of hemopoietic GF

Answer 10

granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor G-CSF

Question 11

describe fn of primary lymphoid organ

Answer 11

site for lymphopoiesis, differentiation of lymphoid stem cells into mature and fnal lymphocytes–> bone marrow, thymus

Question 12

describe site of secondary lymphoid organ

Answer 12

site where immune response is generated and disseminated. APC, B and T lymphocytes interact w/each other

Question 13

what is splenomegaly

Answer 13

enlargement of spleen happens during the course of certain infections

Question 14

differentiation into mature T cells occur under influence of

Answer 14

thymic peptide hormones like thymulin, thymosin, and thymopoeitin

Question 15

thymic education is a process by which we

Answer 15

select useful thymocytes for maturation (+ive selection) and eliminates autoreactive or harmful thymocytes (-ive selection)

Question 16

what are thymocytes

Answer 16

developing T cells

Question 17

what does it mean by +ive selection

Answer 17

can recognize non-self antigen

Question 18

fn of thymic nurse cells

Answer 18

specialized cells playing imp role in thymic education of developing T cells

Question 19

CD denotes

Answer 19

Clusters of Differentiation or Cluster designation molecules

Question 20

Thymocytes and mature T cells display

Answer 20

cell surface markers and CD3 complex

Question 21

purpose of monoclonal antibodues

Answer 21

identify cell surface molecules on cells since each cluster is specific for particular molecule

Question 22

Double negative (DN) is

Answer 22

CD4- and CD8- early immature thymocytes

Question 23

double postive (DP) is

Answer 23

CD4+ or CD8+ developing immature thymocytes

Question 24

single positive (SP) is

Answer 24

CD4+ CD8- or CD4- CD8+ mature T cells –>move from thymus to 2nd lymphoid organ

Question 25

CD molecules are involved in

Answer 25

intracellular interaxn (CAM such integrins) and/or cell activation, differentiation or proliferation (receptors for cytokines)

Question 26

list an application of cell surface markers

Answer 26

identify B and T lymphocytes in patients with lymphoproliferative disorders

Question 27

what is leukemia

Answer 27

maturation arrest of stem cells or precursor lymphoid cells

Question 28

name cell surface markers on T cells

Answer 28

CD2 and CD3

Question 29

what is CD2 responsible for

Answer 29

phenomenon of rosetting with sheep RBC

Question 30

where is CD2 found on

Answer 30

all thymocytes and mature T cells

Question 31

where is CD3 found on

Answer 31

DP and SP T cells

Question 32

what does CD3 form

Answer 32

a stable association w/T cell receptor or TCR to from fnal TCR complex

Question 33

list the 4 mature T cells

Answer 33

helper T cells, Tc, regulatory, memory T cells

Question 34

names feature of Th cells

Answer 34

CD4 +ive. have diff profiles of cytokine production and immunological fns. recognize antigen in context of class II MHC as presented by APCs

Question 35

features of Th1 (4)

Answer 35

produces IL-2, gamma interferon IFNg. activation of cytotoxic T cells, macrophage, inflammatory and delayed hypersenstivity rxns. proinflammatory and cell mediated immunity

Question 36

features of Th2 (4)

Answer 36

produces IL-4,6 and 10, activation of B cells and regulation of strong antibody (IgG1 and IgE). promotoes humoral immune response

Question 37

relation of TH1 and TH2

Answer 37

cytokines by both inhibit the axns of each other

Question 38

describe Th cells in normal pregnancy

Answer 38

Th1 decreases, Th2 increase. reduce CMI and inflammation (enhance fetus survival). increase production of antibodies for placental transfer

Question 39

describe Th cells in recurrent spontaneous abortion

Answer 39

increased Th1 and decrease Th2

Question 40

features of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (killer T cells. Tc)

Answer 40

CD8 +ive. kills abnormal cells; cancer, virally infected. principle cells responsible for cell mediated immune response. recognize antigens in context of class I MHC present by abnormal cells

Question 41

Features of regulatory T cells

Answer 41

CD4 and CD25 +ive. regulation of inflammation and immune response.. supress pathological immune responses

Question 42

what are memory T cells

Answer 42

T cells that become stimulated by antigen. long term immunity

Question 43

fn of CD19

Answer 43

signal transduction. found in most stage of B cell developement

Question 44

where do B cells mature

Answer 44

bone marrow and independent of antigens

Question 45

the mature B cells cell surface markers (2)

Answer 45

IgM and IgD. act as receptors for specific antigens

Question 46

mature B cells in response to antigens differentiate to

Answer 46

short lived plasma cells that secrete antibodies and long lived memory B cells