antigens and MHC

Question 1

define immunogen

Answer 1

able to provoke an immune response AND react with the products of response (antibodies, T cell receptors)

Question 2

define antigen

Answer 2

reacts with products of immune response

Question 3

autoantigens

Answer 3

self antigens (autoimmune disease). person’s own antibody (autoantibodies) reacts with one’s own antigen

Question 4

alloantigens

Answer 4

antigens found in non-identical individuals of same species

Question 5

allograft

Answer 5

human to human transplant

Question 6

eg of alloantigens

Answer 6

A and B blood group antigens and HLA aka MHC

Question 7

HLA/MHC fn

Answer 7

allows T lymphocytes to distinguish btwn self and non self

Question 8

heterophilic or hetrogenic antigen

Answer 8

similar/identical antigens found on dissimilar

Question 9

eg of hetrophilic antigen

Answer 9

Streptococcus and human cells in the heart/joints

Question 10

epitotes aka

Answer 10

immunogenic or antigen determinants on antigen

Question 11

fn of epitotes

Answer 11

interact with antigen binding site of an antibody or T cell receptor

Question 12

structure of epitotes

Answer 12

four to six aa. small portions of immunogen/antigen distant in 1 structure but brought together by 2 3 and 4 structure

Question 13

imp of epitotes

Answer 13

ID of unique epitotes essential to production of monoclonal antibodies and vaccines

Question 14

define haptens

Answer 14

small low molecular weight substances. sugar, aa, drugs and metabolites

Question 15

do haptens cause formation of antibodies

Answer 15

no not on their own

Question 16

how do haptens become immunogenic

Answer 16

conjugate to protein carrier molecule

Question 17

eg of hapten-carrier molecule

Answer 17

drugs attached to surface of platelets causes drug induced thrombocytopenia

Question 18

where are MHC located on human chromosome

Answer 18

chromosome 6 except gene for beta2-microglobulin found on 15

Question 19

which MHC classes encodes for complements

Answer 19

Class III gene

Question 20

define MHC I and II

Answer 20

HLA. members of immunoglobin superfamily. include T cell receptors & antibodies

Question 21

location of transmembrane protein

Answer 21

extend from cytoplasm through PM onto surface. eg HLA

Question 22

which cell recognizes epitotes of antigen in class II MHC

Answer 22

t helper cells

Question 23

which cell recognizes antigens in MHC I

Answer 23

T cytotoxic cells

Question 24

structure of MHC I

Answer 24

3 alpha domains, 1 beta domain called Beta2microglobulin

Question 25

structure of MHC II

Answer 25

2 alpha and 2 beta domian

Question 26

peptide (antigen) binding grove for MHC I

Answer 26

alpha 1 and alpha 2

Question 27

peptide (antigen) binding groove for MHC II

Answer 27

alpha 1 and beta 1

Question 28

examples of isotypes

Answer 28

HLA-A HLA-B HLA-C

Question 29

what are allotypes

Answer 29

diff alleles than can be expressed on a single locus

Question 30

eg of allotypes

Answer 30

HLA-A1 HLA-A2 HLA-A3

Question 31

where is Class I MHC found

Answer 31

nucleated cells in humans

Question 32

where is Class II MHC found

Answer 32

APC like macrophages, dendritic and B cells

Question 33

clinical significance of MHC

Answer 33

tissue typing

Question 34

define tissue typing

Answer 34

matching HLA or MHC btwn donor and recipient for organ transplant