2nd line of defense: phagocytosis

Question 1

which WBC do not have granules

Answer 1

monocytes, lymphocytes, macrophages

Question 2

which WBC have granules

Answer 2

neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils

Question 3

what is PAMPS

Answer 3

pathogen associated molecular patterns found on microbial surfaces. phagocytes have toll-like receptors for them

Question 4

stages of phagocytosis

Answer 4

1. chemotaxis by phagocyte
2. adhesion of bacteria
3. engulfment into phagocytic vacuole
4. phagosome
5. phagolysosome formation
6. killing and destruction of bacterial cells
7. release of residual debris

Question 5

outcome of phagocytosis

Answer 5

intracellular killing of target microbes- killing happens inside the phagocytes

Question 6

define oxygen dependent mechanism

Answer 6

respiratory/oxidative burst generates reactive oxygen products

Question 7

define oxygen independent mechanism

Answer 7

enzymes

Question 8

neutrophils

Answer 8

polymorphonuclear cells (multi lobed nucleus),
most numerous WBC, important and effective phagocytes

Question 9

eosinophils

Answer 9

imp defense against parasites, work together with anitbody called IgE to control parasitic worms like helminths

Question 10

basophils

Answer 10

related to mast cells (only found in tissue not blood), important sources of histamines, together with IgE contribute to type 1 hypersensitvity (allergy)

Question 11

monocytes (blood)/ macrophages (tissue) dendtritic cells

Answer 11

longer lived than granulocytes. sources of cytokines involved in fever, inflammation, immune response. major type of APC

Question 12

what are APC

Answer 12

present antigen to T helper lymphocytes. initiation step of immune response against antigens