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uni > Unit 5: nervous system > Flashcards

Unit 5: nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

CNS organs. And is composed of what

A

Brain and spinal cord
Composed of grey and white matter

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2
Q

Grey vs white matter

A
  1. Unmielinated, have cell bodies, dendrites, axon terminals, glial cells

Involved in integration of info

  1. Axons of myelinated neurons and glial cells (fills up space)

Involved in info transmission from 1 location in cns to another

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3
Q

Forebrain: cerebrum (features and major components)

A

Left and right cerebral hemispheres

3 major components
Cerebral cortex (grey matter)
Tracts (white matter)
Basel nuclei

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4
Q

Forebrain: diencephalon (features)

A

Thalamus
Hypothalamus

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5
Q

Midbrain: superior vs inferior colliculi

A

1 visual reflexes
2. Auditory reflexes

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6
Q

Midbrain: posterior/dorsal portion

A

Tegmentum

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7
Q

Cerebral peduncles

A

White matter tracts that carry motor info from the cortex to spinal cord

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8
Q

Hind brain: features

A

Cerebellum: involved in balance and movement

Pons

Medulla oblongata

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9
Q

Spinal cord: dorsal, ventral, and lateral horn

A
  1. Grey matter- cell bodies of interneurons
  2. Grey matter- cell bodies of lower motor neurons and interneurons
  3. Grey matter- Cell bodies of preganglionic neurons
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10
Q

Spinal cord: ascending and descending tracts

A

Both white matter
1. Carry sensory info to the brain

2.carry signals of brain to somatic and autonomic motor neurons

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11
Q

Protective features cns: what is brain and spinal cord encased in

A

Brain encased in skull, spinal cord encased in vertebral column

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12
Q

Dorsal root ganglion

A

1Cell bodies of sensory neurons

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13
Q

Ventral root vs dorsal root

A

Axons of motor neurons that carry signals away from the spinal cord to muscle and gland effectors

2 axons of sensory neurons that carry signals into spinal cord

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14
Q

Connective tissues that surround brain and spinal

A

Meninges

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15
Q

Meninges 3 layers (dura, arachnoid, cerebrospinal)

A
  1. Outermost layer (2 fused layers of tissue in brain- only one layer in spinal)
  2. Middle layer- spider web like strands that connect to pia matter (3rd layer)
  3. Innermost, direct contact w/ brain and spinal
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16
Q

What does dura matter (most outer layer tissue in brain/spinal) form

A

Dural venous sinuses - which drains blood and fluid away from brain

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17
Q

What is meningitis and cause. What happens to brain

A

Inflammation of the meninges
Caused by viral infection that
enters the cerebrospinal fluid

Will put pressure on the brain or spinal which can be damaging to the neural tissue

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18
Q

What is intracranial haemorrhage and caused by

A

Brain bleeds- caused by head injuries

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19
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) (where is it found & what are they)

A

Surrounds brain and spinal cord

Also found in ventricles of the brain and central canal of spinal cord

Ventricles= hallow portion/spaces of brain filled w/ csf (hallow from remains of neural tube)

Central canal= space/channel filled w/ csf that passes through the middle of the spinal cord

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20
Q

Choroid plexus

A

Capillaries in contact w/ transport epithelium

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21
Q

Epithelium

A

Simple cuboidal made of ependymal cells

22
Q

Transcellular vs paracellular transport

A
  1. Solutes move across
  2. Solutes move between
23
Q

Csf goals

A

Help remove waste from neural tissue

Protects neural tissue

Help maintain solute concentration in isf surrounding neurons

24
Q

Blood brain barrier (bbb) where is it found and how is it formed. Function for brain

A

Throughout brain except hypothalamus

Formed from processes of astrocytes

Protects brain from toxic water soluble compounds

25
Q

What can cross bbb

A

Very small or lipid soluble (hydrophobic, lipophillic) molecules

26
Q

What is grey matter in spinal cord divided into

A

Horns
Dorsal, ventral, lateral horn

27
Q

Dorsal horn

A

Axon terminals and cell bodies of somatosensory neurons (touch, temp, pain, pressure)

28
Q

Spatial reflex arc pathway

A
  1. Receptor
  2. Unipolar sensory neuron
  3. Integration centre
  4. Motor neuron
    5, effector/target
29
Q

Cerebrum grey matter: central cortex

A

Conscious brain- responsible for thoughts, voluntary movements and memories, etc

30
Q

Cerebrum grey matter: basel nuclei (or basel ganglia)

A

Assist in control of movement, surpass unwanted movement at rest

31
Q

Cerebrum grey matter: limbic systems

A

Emotional brain- fear, flight or fight,

32
Q

Limbic system includes: amygdala

A

Emotion and memory - ties to emotional meaning

33
Q

Limbic system includes: cingulate gyrus

A

Processing of emotions and regularion of behaviour

34
Q

Limbic system includes: Hippocampus

A

Learning and memory (sensory memories- ex: smelling cookies reminds you of grandma’s house

35
Q

Cerebrum white matter: association tracts

A

Transmit AP from one area of cortex to another within same hemisphere

36
Q

Cerebrum white matter: commissural tracts

A

Transmit Ap from one area of cortex to another in opposite hemispheres

37
Q

Cerebrum white matter: projection tracts

A

Run vertically from cortex to connect to deeper areas of the brain

38
Q

The 5 lobes: frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital, and insula lobe

A
  1. Motor areas
  2. Special senses (auditory and olfactory)
  3. General senses
  4. Special senses (vision)
  5. Special senses (taste)
39
Q

cerebrum: Broca’s area and Wernicke’s area

A

motor speech
both on left side

40
Q

Left hemisphere contains areas responsible for:

A

language and verbal (speech) skills
ii. mathematical skills
iii. writing skills

41
Q

right hemisphere

A

spatial visualization and analysis by touch.
(often associated with artistic functions)
ii. processing and recognition of emotions
iii. emotional components of language –
tone of voice, gestures
iv. facial recognition

42
Q

Damage to Wernicke’s area

A

Receptive Aphasia

Can speak, but words are mixed up or meaningless because
the person is not able to connect words with their meaning.
Speech is described as a non-sensical “word salad”

43
Q

damage to broca’s area

A

Can understand words and their meaning, but person is not able to
produce speech and has difficulty expressing ideas. Hard to get the
words/sentences out due to issues with motor control.

44
Q

Thalamus

A

Sends and receives information to/from almost every area of the CNS

45
Q

hypothalamus

A

regulates the body’s homeostasis (normal systematic functioning) and stimulates productions of hormones.

46
Q

Cerebellum

A

Helps to plan, initiate and coordinate voluntary movements involving skeletal muscles

controls eye movement, balance

47
Q

Midbrain

A

superior and inferior colliculi are involved in

movement of eyes (visual) head and neck in response to visual and auditory stimuli

For example: if you are in a classroom writing a test and
there is a loud noise – everyone looks up from the test to
see what is happening

48
Q

Pons

A

regulate breathing
handles unconscious processes and jobs, such as your sleep-wake cycle and breathing

49
Q

Medulla oblongata

A

the connection between the brainstem and the spinal cord

50
Q

vegetative state

A

If the brain stem is functional but higher brain centers (cerebrum) are damaged, a person is alive but has no
conscious control

51
Q

locked in syndrome / cerebromedullospinal disconnect

A

person is conscious and fully aware, but is fully paralyzed due
to damage to motor tracts running through anterior portions of
pons/medulla

uni (30 decks)

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