Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

uni > Unit 5: nervous system > Flashcards

Unit 5: nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

CNS organs. And is composed of what

A

Brain and spinal cord
Composed of grey and white matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Grey vs white matter

A
  1. Unmielinated, have cell bodies, dendrites, axon terminals, glial cells

Involved in integration of info

  1. Axons of myelinated neurons and glial cells (fills up space)

Involved in info transmission from 1 location in cns to another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Forebrain: cerebrum (features and major components)

A

Left and right cerebral hemispheres

3 major components
Cerebral cortex (grey matter)
Tracts (white matter)
Basel nuclei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Forebrain: diencephalon (features)

A

Thalamus
Hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Midbrain: superior vs inferior colliculi

A

1 visual reflexes
2. Auditory reflexes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Midbrain: posterior/dorsal portion

A

Tegmentum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Cerebral peduncles

A

White matter tracts that carry motor info from the cortex to spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Hind brain: features

A

Cerebellum: involved in balance and movement

Pons

Medulla oblongata

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Spinal cord: dorsal, ventral, and lateral horn

A
  1. Grey matter- cell bodies of interneurons
  2. Grey matter- cell bodies of lower motor neurons and interneurons
  3. Grey matter- Cell bodies of preganglionic neurons
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Spinal cord: ascending and descending tracts

A

Both white matter
1. Carry sensory info to the brain

2.carry signals of brain to somatic and autonomic motor neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Protective features cns: what is brain and spinal cord encased in

A

Brain encased in skull, spinal cord encased in vertebral column

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Dorsal root ganglion

A

1Cell bodies of sensory neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Ventral root vs dorsal root

A

Axons of motor neurons that carry signals away from the spinal cord to muscle and gland effectors

2 axons of sensory neurons that carry signals into spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Connective tissues that surround brain and spinal

A

Meninges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Meninges 3 layers (dura, arachnoid, cerebrospinal)

A
  1. Outermost layer (2 fused layers of tissue in brain- only one layer in spinal)
  2. Middle layer- spider web like strands that connect to pia matter (3rd layer)
  3. Innermost, direct contact w/ brain and spinal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does dura matter (most outer layer tissue in brain/spinal) form

A

Dural venous sinuses - which drains blood and fluid away from brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is meningitis and cause. What happens to brain

A

Inflammation of the meninges
Caused by viral infection that
enters the cerebrospinal fluid

Will put pressure on the brain or spinal which can be damaging to the neural tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is intracranial haemorrhage and caused by

A

Brain bleeds- caused by head injuries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) (where is it found & what are they)

A

Surrounds brain and spinal cord

Also found in ventricles of the brain and central canal of spinal cord

Ventricles= hallow portion/spaces of brain filled w/ csf (hallow from remains of neural tube)

Central canal= space/channel filled w/ csf that passes through the middle of the spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Choroid plexus

A

Capillaries in contact w/ transport epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Epithelium

A

Simple cuboidal made of ependymal cells

22
Q

Transcellular vs paracellular transport

A
  1. Solutes move across
  2. Solutes move between
23
Q

Csf goals

A

Help remove waste from neural tissue

Protects neural tissue

Help maintain solute concentration in isf surrounding neurons

24
Q

Blood brain barrier (bbb) where is it found and how is it formed. Function for brain

A

Throughout brain except hypothalamus

Formed from processes of astrocytes

Protects brain from toxic water soluble compounds

25
Q

What can cross bbb

A

Very small or lipid soluble (hydrophobic, lipophillic) molecules

26
Q

What is grey matter in spinal cord divided into

A

Horns
Dorsal, ventral, lateral horn

27
Q

Dorsal horn

A

Axon terminals and cell bodies of somatosensory neurons (touch, temp, pain, pressure)

28
Q

Spatial reflex arc pathway

A
  1. Receptor
  2. Unipolar sensory neuron
  3. Integration centre
  4. Motor neuron
    5, effector/target
29
Q

Cerebrum grey matter: central cortex

A

Conscious brain- responsible for thoughts, voluntary movements and memories, etc

30
Q

Cerebrum grey matter: basel nuclei (or basel ganglia)

A

Assist in control of movement, surpass unwanted movement at rest

31
Q

Cerebrum grey matter: limbic systems

A

Emotional brain- fear, flight or fight,

32
Q

Limbic system includes: amygdala

A

Emotion and memory - ties to emotional meaning

33
Q

Limbic system includes: cingulate gyrus

A

Processing of emotions and regularion of behaviour

34
Q

Limbic system includes: Hippocampus

A

Learning and memory (sensory memories- ex: smelling cookies reminds you of grandma’s house

35
Q

Cerebrum white matter: association tracts

A

Transmit AP from one area of cortex to another within same hemisphere

36
Q

Cerebrum white matter: commissural tracts

A

Transmit Ap from one area of cortex to another in opposite hemispheres

37
Q

Cerebrum white matter: projection tracts

A

Run vertically from cortex to connect to deeper areas of the brain

38
Q

The 5 lobes: frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital, and insula lobe

A
  1. Motor areas
  2. Special senses (auditory and olfactory)
  3. General senses
  4. Special senses (vision)
  5. Special senses (taste)
39
Q

cerebrum: Broca’s area and Wernicke’s area

A

motor speech
both on left side

40
Q

Left hemisphere contains areas responsible for:

A

language and verbal (speech) skills
ii. mathematical skills
iii. writing skills

41
Q

right hemisphere

A

spatial visualization and analysis by touch.
(often associated with artistic functions)
ii. processing and recognition of emotions
iii. emotional components of language –
tone of voice, gestures
iv. facial recognition

42
Q

Damage to Wernicke’s area

A

Receptive Aphasia

Can speak, but words are mixed up or meaningless because
the person is not able to connect words with their meaning.
Speech is described as a non-sensical “word salad”

43
Q

damage to broca’s area

A

Can understand words and their meaning, but person is not able to
produce speech and has difficulty expressing ideas. Hard to get the
words/sentences out due to issues with motor control.

44
Q

Thalamus

A

Sends and receives information to/from almost every area of the CNS

45
Q

hypothalamus

A

regulates the body’s homeostasis (normal systematic functioning) and stimulates productions of hormones.

46
Q

Cerebellum

A

Helps to plan, initiate and coordinate voluntary movements involving skeletal muscles

controls eye movement, balance

47
Q

Midbrain

A

superior and inferior colliculi are involved in

movement of eyes (visual) head and neck in response to visual and auditory stimuli

For example: if you are in a classroom writing a test and
there is a loud noise – everyone looks up from the test to
see what is happening

48
Q

Pons

A

regulate breathing
handles unconscious processes and jobs, such as your sleep-wake cycle and breathing

49
Q

Medulla oblongata

A

the connection between the brainstem and the spinal cord

50
Q

vegetative state

A

If the brain stem is functional but higher brain centers (cerebrum) are damaged, a person is alive but has no
conscious control

51
Q

locked in syndrome / cerebromedullospinal disconnect

A

person is conscious and fully aware, but is fully paralyzed due
to damage to motor tracts running through anterior portions of
pons/medulla

uni (38 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions