biochem: carbohydrates

Question 1

mono vs dissacharides

Answer 1

1. think lego (cant be broken anymore)
   ex: glucose, fructose, etc
2. lego built (since composed of 2 monosaccharides)

Question 2

carbohydrates involved in

Answer 2

energy transport and storage
structure (walls)
info (signals, mechanisms, attached outside like address)

Question 3

cyclic formation of sugars

Answer 3

favourable (if not short), reversible, beta is more stable

Question 4

from alpha to beta…
this interconversion is called

Answer 4

must go through linear
mutarotation

Question 5

why is pentose a bad hemiacetal and so as furanose, cyclic ketose, etc

Answer 5

too short and creates problems

Question 6

cellulose

Answer 6

linear chain 0f 10-15000 glucose units
cannot be digested by humans but cows have extra stomach and work with bacteria that secrete cellulose and enzyme that cleaves b1-> 4 glycosidic bonds to release glucose

Question 7

peptidoglycan

Answer 7

exclusive to bacteria
forms 3-dimensional mesh-like cell structure that provides rigidity to the bacteria and protects it from osmotic stress

Question 8

non-reducing sugar

Answer 8

trehalose and sucrose

Question 9

what is starch

Answer 9

storage form of D-GLC in plants

Question 10

2 types of starch

Answer 10

1. amylose: unbranched chains of a(1->4) linked glc

4000 per chain and forms helic

2. amylopectin: 200 amylose chains
   linked by a(1->6) branches no helix

Question 11

alpha linked polymers

Answer 11

easy to digest, found in all organisms which use them to store glucose

Question 12

dextran

Answer 12

polysaccharides made from natural sources of glucose by bacteria and end with 1;6 GLUCOSIDE LINKS

Question 13

GLYCOGEN

Answer 13

animal storage of glc, similar to amylopectin but more branched

Question 14

what is the bond that join sugars

Answer 14

glycosidic