hormones of anterior pituitary gland

Question 1

growth hormones (GH)

Answer 1

secretion stimulated by GHRH, inhibited by somatostatin from hypothalamus. also called insulin growth factor (IGF)

main effectors in tissue/bone= increased growth and metabolism

Question 2

prolactin (PRL)

Answer 2

SECRETION TONICALLY INHIBITED BY DOPAMINE FROM HYPO

main actions= influences development of mammary glands- milk production in females and testosterone and spermatogenesis production in males

Question 3

Follicle stimulating hormone (fsh)

Answer 3

Egg/sperm production

Question 4

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Answer 4

Fertility in adults

Female= stimulates release of estrogen frim to ovaries. Increase levels stimulate ovulation

Male= stimulates testosterone release from leydig cell of the testes

Question 5

Thyroid stimulating hormone (tsh)

Answer 5

Stimulus for secretion is thyroytipin (trh) from hypo

Function: stimulate thyroid gland to secrete and synthesize thyroid hormones (t3,t4)

Question 6

Long/short/ultra short negative feedback

Answer 6

1. Involves hormones from peripheral endocrine glands
2. Involves pituitary hormones (Gh)
3. Involves the hormone itself directly inhibiting its own secretion through autocrine or paracrine effects

Main diff is source of feedback

Question 7

Hormone interactions: permissiveness

Answer 7

1 or more hormone enhance action of another hormone

Ex: thyroid hormones (t3 and t4) regulate epinephrine receptors on target cells. High sensitivity=stronger

Question 8

Hormone interactions: synergism

Answer 8

Adding 2 or more diff hormones = greater effects than their own

Ex: glucagon, cortisol and epinephrine all involved in raising blood glucose levels- but much grrater effct if added together

Question 9

Hormone interactions: antagonism

Answer 9

Pair of hormones with opposing effects

Ex: insulin and glucagon

Question 10

Endocrine dysfunction: hypersecretion (cause and treatment)

Answer 10

Cause: benign tumour (adenoma) or exogenous treatment (Interactions of hormones)

Treatment: drug that inhibits production/secretion

Question 11

Endocrine dysfunction: Hyposecretion (cause and treatment)

Answer 11

Atropy of the endocrine gland that produced the hormone

Treatment: hormone replacement therapy
Ex: diabetes= insulin injections

Question 12

Endocrine dysfunction: abnormal receptors/response causes

Answer 12

Cause
Target cell may lack specific receptors (down regulation

2. Target cell may have mutations preventing hormone to bind
3. Target cell may lack biochemical machinery for proper signal