electronic structure and periodic properties

Question 1

when an atom absorbs energy, an electron within the atom is promoted to…

Answer 1

a higher energy level

Question 2

orbital energy: when a hydrogen atom absorbs energy of a photon…

Answer 2

it converts it from a ground state to an excited state. and electron transfers to a larger orbital that is less stable

Question 3

electron closer to nucleus=

Answer 3

stronger attraction

Question 4

ionization energy

Answer 4

energy required to remove one electron (all has to be in gaseous state)

Question 4

what is more difficult to remove
H or he+

Answer 4

He+ is harder to remove because more charge binds electron stronger and lowers the energy of the orbital making it more stable.

Question 4

electrostatic attraction

Answer 4

it is more difficult to remove an electron from a positively charged species

Question 4

an electron in a multi electron atom is…

Answer 4

attracted to the nucleus but repelled by other electrons

Question 4

effects on other electrons: total number of electrons in an atom affects…

Answer 4

the energy levels and ionization energy

Question 5

electrons with same charge

Answer 5

repel eachother

Question 5

smallest energy possible=

Answer 5

most stable

Question 6

1.
2 electrons, energy is
1 electron and 1 nucleus

electron to electron=
electron to nucleus=

Answer 6

positve
negative energy

repulsion
attraction

Question 7

energy is proportional to

Answer 7

charge

Question 8

larger distance (higher energy level)=
higher charge on nucleus=

Answer 8

less attraction
more attraction

Question 9

force an electron feel is dependent on the..

Answer 9

distance from the nucleus and amount of charge!

Question 10

screening

Answer 10

The electron-electron repulsion cancels a portion of
the attraction between the nucleus and the incoming
electron

Question 11

effective nuclear charge:
electrons are only screened

Answer 11

by innner electrons.
smaller orbitals are more compact and screen other electrons more effectively

Question 12

an electron feels an attraction called

Answer 12

effective nuclear charge

Question 13

The higher the value of the quantum number l..

Answer 13

the more electrons
in that orbital are screened from the nuclear charge by electrons in
smaller, more stable orbitals.

Question 14

Periodic patterns provide

Answer 14

information about
electron arrangements in atoms

Question 15

Rules of Ground-State Configurations

Answer 15

No two electrons can have identical quantum numbers.
(Pauli)
3. Orbital sub-shell capacities are as follows:
s: 2 electrons, p set: 6 electrons
d set: 10 electrons, f set: 14 electrons
4. The higher the values of n, the less stable the orbital.
5. For equal n, the higher the value of l, the less stable the
orbital

Question 16

The chemical properties of an atom are determined by
the electrons that are easily accessible to other atoms.
* An electron is spatially accessible when…

Answer 16

it occupies
one of the largest orbitals of an atom.

Question 17

An electron is energetically accessible when

Answer 17

it
occupies one of the least stable occupied orbitals of the
atom.
* Accessible electrons are called valence electrons.

Question 18

valence vs core electrons

Answer 18

Valence electrons participate in chemical reactions;
core electrons do not.
* Valence electrons are those of highest principle
quantum number plus those in partially filled d
and f orbitals.
* Electrons with lower n values are core electrons.