Unit 5,6,7

Question 1

Definition of Learning

Answer 1

Relatively permanent changes in environment-behavior relations due to different types of experiences.

Question 2

Parsimonious

Answer 2

make the fewest assumptions

Question 3

Explain how heroin is conditioned

Answer 3

US- Heroin -> UR- withdrawal/dysphoria
NS->drug cues >(pair)> US-> Compensatory response (UR)
CS- drug cues ->CR withdrawal

Question 4

Preparatory response theory regarding heroin

Answer 4

The body prepares itself for the dose of heroin when it is exposed to drug cues.

Question 5

Contingency in Pavlov conditioning/taste aversion

Answer 5

taste aversion is different as it only takes one CS-US pairing to be established even with a long delay.

Question 6

contingency/
temporal contiguity/
reinforcer magnitude
definitions

Answer 6

(all things equal) the greater the contingency/temporal contiguity/magnitude between the responses and their consequences, the quicker and stronger the conditioning

Question 7

Response effort

Answer 7

(all things equal) the lower the response effort, the quicker and stronger the conditioning

Question 8

Variables of Operant conditioning

Answer 8

1. contiguity
2. temporal contiguity
3. reinforcer magnitude
4. response effort

Question 9

Pos. rein. example for child tantrum

Answer 9

The child is given candy when it tantrums.

Question 10

Neg. rein. example for child tantrum

Answer 10

The child is not given candy when it tantrums.

Question 11

Extinction

Answer 11

• a schedule of 0 reinforcers being delivered .
• no response produces a reinforcer.
  -withholding reinforcement

Question 12

extinction burst

Answer 12

momentary (immediate) increase in
-frequency
-Magnitude/intensity
-duration
-variability (shaping)
-emotional responding

Question 13

Premack principle (apply relative value theory)

Answer 13

High probability behaviors reinforce low probability behaviors
(doing homework so you can have free time)

Question 14

Problem

Answer 14

refer to a situation where reinforcement is available, but the response necessary is not

Question 15

Solution

Answer 15

response that produces reinforcement

Question 16

what is the problem with using Insight?

Answer 16

It is a circular explanation.

Question 17

CRF Properties

Answer 17

FR-1 (every response is reinforced
-fast acquisition
-high response rate
-good for shaping/teaching new behaviors

Question 18

Five simple schedules

Answer 18

1.Contingency Reinforcement Schedule(CRF)
2.Fixed ratio (FR)
3.Variable ratio (VR)
4. Fixed interval (FI)
5. Variable Interval (VI)

Question 19

FR Properties

Answer 19

fixed or set of number of responses is reinforced
FR-10 every 10th response it is reinforced.
-High response rate
-break and run pattern of responding
-has Post-reinforcement Pause

Question 20

VR Properties

Answer 20

average number of responses reinforced
VR-10: on average every 10th response is reinforced.
-high, steady response
-No PRP except when there is no low FR

Question 21

FI Properties

Answer 21

-the first response that occurs after a specific interval is reinforced
-FI 1min: after every min the response is reinforced
-moderately high response rate
-scallop shaped curve

Question 22

VI Properties

Answer 22

-The first response after an average amount of time produces reinforcement
-VI 1 min: after every min on average the first response is reinforced
-low, steady rate of responding
-consistent responding