Chapter 6

Question 1

Shaping

Answer 1

the reinforcement of successive approximations of a target (desired) behavior

Question 2

Chaining

Answer 2

the process of reinforcing each of a series of related behaviors to form a behavior chain

Question 3

Task analysis

Answer 3

procedure of breaking a task down into its component elements

Question 4

Forward chaining

Answer 4

begin chaining by reinforcing performance of the first link in the chain

Question 5

Backward chaining

Answer 5

begin chaining with the last link in the chain and work backward toward the first component

Question 6

Behavior chain

Answer 6

a series of related behaviors, the last of which procedures reinforcement

Question 7

Problem

Answer 7

a situation in which reinforcement is available but the behavior necessary to produce it is not

Question 8

Solution

Answer 8

the response that produces reinforcement

Question 9

Insight

Answer 9

a sudden appearance of the solution (in the mind?)

Question 10

Common feature (of creativity)

Answer 10

novelty

Question 11

Superstitious behavior

Answer 11

any behavior that occurs repeatedly even it does not produce the reinforcers that maintain it

Question 12

Learned helplessness

Answer 12

The tendency to give up on a problem as a result of previous exposure in insoluble problems

Question 13

Learned industriousness

Answer 13

The tendency to persists at a problem as a result of previous reinforcement of persistence at difficult problems