CH.8.

Question 1

Punishment

Answer 1

A stimulus follows a response and decreases the probability of similar responses under similar circumstances

Question 2

What is the difference between punishment and punisher?

Answer 2

punishment is the process
punisher is the actual consequence

Question 3

Catania’s three criteria for calling something “punishment”

Answer 3

1.A behavior must have consequence.
2.The behavior must decrease (under similar circumstances)
3.The decrease must be the result of the consequence

Question 4

Positive punishment

Answer 4

The consequence is added

Question 5

Negative punishment

Answer 5

The consequence is subtracted

Question 6

The variables that affect punishment

Answer 6

1.Contingency
2.(temporal) contiguity
3.Intensity (magnitude)

Question 7

Contingency in punishment

Answer 7

(all things equal) the greater the contingency between behavior punisher, the quicker and faster the behavior decreases (or the greater the suppression of behavior)

Question 8

(Temporal) Contiguity

Answer 8

(all things equal) the greater the temporal contiguity (the shorter the delay between a behavior and a punisher) the more effective the punishment

Question 9

Punisher intensity (magnitude)

Answer 9

(all things equal) the more intense the punisher the more effective the punishment.

Question 10

One process theory punishment

Answer 10

punishment only involves operant learning

Question 11

Two process theory punishment

Answer 11

punishment involves both Pavlovian and operant learning

Question 12

Five problems with the use of (positive) punishment

Answer 12

1.Escape (avoidance)
2.Aggression
3.Apathy
4.Abuse
5.Imitation

Question 13

Three alternatives to the use of punishment

Answer 13

1.Response prevention
2.Extinction
3.Differential reinforcement of low rates (of behavior) (DRL),
(DRA)differential reinforcement of alternative behavior
(DRI) differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior