Chapter 4 Flashcards
John Watson
the first person to study human emotions systematically
Counterconditioning
use of Pavlovian conditioning to reverse the unwanted effects of previous conditioning
Conditioned emotional responses (CERs)
An emotional response to a stimulus that is acquired through Pavlovian conditioning
Systematic desensitization
A form of counterconditioning in which a patient imagines progressively anxiety evoking scenes while relaxed.
Exposure therapy
person is gradually exposed to the fear-evoking stimulus while feeling relaxed
Virtual reality exposure therapy
A form of exposure therapy that relies on technology that creates simulated scenes that arouse anxiety.
Paraphilias
perverse or unnatural ways someone receives sexual pleasure
Aversion therapy
a CS that elicits inappropriate sexual arousal is followed by a noxious US.
Conditioned taste aversion (aka conditioned food avoidance)
An aversion to foods with a particular flavor acquired through Pavlovian conditioning
Taste-aversion experiments
A taste (NS) is paired with a US (e.g., poison) that makes the organism sick such that the taste becomes a CS for sickness (CR)
Two important ways taste aversion differs from typical Pavlovian conditioning procedures
(1) the CS and US occur together (are paired) only once; (2) the interval between the CS and US (the ISI) is much longer
Tolerance
After a period of repeated drug use, more of the drug is required to produce a high, or, the same amount of drug produces less of an effect
Withdrawal
the opposite of the main drug effect
CS-US Contiguity (def 1)
All things equal, the greater the contingency, the stronger the conditioning.
CS-US Contiguity (def 2)
All things equal, the greater the temporal contiguity (shorter ISI) the better/better/ faster conditioning.
