Unit 5 Flashcards
1
Q
Beginning of Civil War
A
April 12, 1861
2
Q
Declaration of Independence
A
July 4, 1776
3
Q
Armistice
A
November 11, 1918
4
Q
Plessy vs. Ferguson
A
1896
5
Q
Louisiana Purchase
A
1803
6
Q
Jamestown Colony
A
1607
7
Q
WWI Starts
A
1914
8
Q
End of Civil War
A
April 9, 1865
9
Q
Constitution Ratified
A
1788
10
Q
Columbus’s voyage
A
1492
11
Q
What is imperialism?
A
The policy of extending a country’s power and influence through diplomacy or military force
12
Q
Imperialism in this time
A
Industrialized nations attempt to seize control of Asia, Africa, and Latin America
13
Q
What is isolationism
A
Policy of remaining apart from the affairs of other countries
14
Q
What did Henry Cabot Lodge want
A
US to join imperial competition to maintain economic and military strength
15
Q
Who wrote the Influence of sea power on history
A
Alfred Thayer Mayan
16
Q
What did mahan say
A
US needs a strong navy to protect economic interests
Navies need overseas bases
17
Q
What is a naval overseas base
A
Coaling station
18
Q
Significance of Hawaii
A
Perfectly positioned for naval base
2000 mi from CA
19
Q
who was Kalakaua
A
Hawaiian king who was forced to sign the bayonet constitution at gunpoint
20
Q
What did the bayonet constitution say
A
Limits the king and the natives in their governmental roles
Allowed the US to build Pearl Harbor
21
Q
Who attempted to replace the bayonet constitution
A
Queen Liliuokalani
22
Q
What did Liliuokalani do
A
Peacefully stepped down after supporters of annexation occupied the government
23
Q
When was Hawaii annexed as a territory
A
1898
24
Q
When was Hawaii a state
A
1959
25
when did the US apologize for the bayonet constitution
1993
26
Why did the US get involved in China
Increased trade between US, Europe, and China made the US want more influence in Chinese markets
27
Trouble with China
Difficult time managing foreign influence
28
What is a sphere of influence
Regions where a particular country has exclusive rights over mines, railroads, and trade
29
What was the open door policy
Secretary of State John hay sent out open door notes to Europe and Japan that asked to share
30
What was the boxer rebellion
Secret society - the fists of righteous harmony - wanted to get rid of all foreign influence in China, but failed
31
What started the Spanish American war
Cuban Revolution where they rebelled against the Spanish
32
Who led the Cuban Revolution
Jose Marti
33
Who was marti
Born in Havana
Supporter of Cuban independence
Urged Cuban exiles in America to stage a revolt
"martyred" in 1895
34
Who did Spain send to CUba
General Valeriano Weyler
35
What was Weyler's nickname
The butcher
36
What did Weyler do
200000 Cubans died in camps
37
Who was William Randolph Hearst
Owner of NY journal
Encouraged US intervention in Cuba
Yellow journalism
38
Yellow journalism
Sensational and crudely exaggerated journalism
39
What was the USS Maine and what happened
American Battleship sent to Havana to protect Americans
Explodes in the harbor
Cause uncertain
US declares war on Spain
40
About the Maine
Remember the Maine
41
What did TR say to start Spanish American war
If war breaks out, immediately attack the Philippines
42
When was war declared
April 25
43
When did commodore George Dewey start fighting
May 1
44
What was the battle of Manila bay
You may fire when ready, gridley - Dewey said
| US defeated the Spanish flotilla
45
When was the battle of Manila bay
5:30am-12:40 pm
46
How many US casualties in the battle of Manila bay and how
1 - sunstroke
47
How many rough riders
1000
48
Who led the rough riders
TR
49
Who were rough riders
College athletes
Cowboys and ranchers
American natives
50
What was the battle is San Juan hill
Americans fought up hill
| Captured ridge overlooking Santiago
51
What happened when Spain surrendered
Cuba gains independence
| US gets Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines
52
Casualties of Spanish American war
Cuban - 10000
US - 5400
Spanish - 80000 - disease
53
Said about the Spanish American war and by whom
It has been a splendid little war - John hay
54
Conflict about Philippines
Annexation or independence
55
What do opponents of Philippine annexation say
Declaration of Independence
56
What do proponents of Philippine annexation say
Economic benefits
57
Senate about Philippine annexation
Approved
58
What did the Philippines do when annexed
Fought for 1899-1902
59
How many died in Philippine insurrection
Us - 4000
| Philippine - 200000 - mostly civilian
60
When did the Philippines gain their independence
1946
61
What happened in the Panama Canal
French attempted, but failed
Roosevelt starts it again
Built 1904-1914
62
About Latin American colonies
In debt to European leaders
| Roosevelt worried collectors would use military force to collect loans
63
What was the Roosevelt corollary
Pledged to use US armed forces to prevent European countries from seizing Latin American territories
64
About Roosevelt's big stick diplomacy in his corollary
If nation keeps order and pays obligation, the US will not interfere
If there is wrongdoing in the west, the US will use police action reluctantly
65
What did Taft do
Expanded US influence in Latin AMerica
Favored dollar diplomacy over military force
Used economic influence to protect US interest
Replaced European loans with American loans
66
Wilson
Believed democratic governments in Latin America would keep out European powers
Sent in Marines to foreign companies
67
What did the marines do
Put down rebellions
| Established constitutional governments
68
Causes of WWI
Rising nationalism
Serbia encourages independence
Militarism and alliances
69
Where was nationalism high
Balkans
70
About the balkans
Unstable region
| 4 ethnic groups
71
Groups in the Balkans
Albanians, Greeks, Romanians, Slavs
72
About Serbia and rebellion
Bosnia and Herzegovina are occupied by Austria-Hungary
| Serbia incites Slavs to rebel
73
What is militarism
The glorification of military strength
74
About the arms race
European powers build up large armies and powerful weapons
| Nations form alliances
75
Alliances -
Britain, France, Russia
| Germany and Austria-Hungary
76
What were the long max and the Paris guns
75 mi range
Shot up so they'd crash down and cause chaos
German
77
What action started WWI
Archduke Franz Ferdinand assassinated in Sarajevo, Bosnia by Serbian nationalist Gavrilo Princip
78
Who was archduke Franz Ferdinand
Heir to Austrian-Hungarian throne
79
How many nations involved in WWI
30
80
Allied powers nickname
Triple entente
81
Who in triple entente
Britain, France, Russia
82
Central powers nickname
Triple alliance
83
Who in triple alliance
Germany, Austria-Hungary, The Ottoman Empire, Bulgaria
84
What about Italy
goes from Central to Allied because of a land dispute
85
What was the Schlieffen plan
To defeat the French in 6 weeks before the Russians could mobilize
Avoid fighting on two fronts
Worked until battle of the Marne
86
Who devised the Schlieffen plan
General count Alfred Von Schlieffen
87
When was the Schlieffen plan
December 1905
88
What happened at the battle of the Marne
Germans drove allies back to 30 mi from Paris
| French and British launched counter attack and constructed trenches, pushing Germany back 40 mi
89
Frenchman at the battle of the Marne
Commander-in-chief Joseph Joffre
90
About trench warfare
Massive artillery barrage
Soldier's went over the top
Stalemate
91
What was over the top
Going across no-man's-land to gain the enemy trench
92
What was no-man's-land
Thin strip of bombed-out territory, strewn with barbed wire and land mines
93
Trench stalemate
Neither side gaining or losing ground
94
What was the battle of verdin
The meat grinder
95
What happened at verdun
General Falkenhayn tries to bleed French army white by causing unsustainable casualties
21 hour artillery on heavily fortified verdun
Germans repulsed
Longest battle of the war
96
What was the battle of the Somme
```
British counter-offensive to take pressure off French
Near the Somme River
60000 Brits die on the first day
Lasted 4 months
Success
```
97
Total casualties at Somme
1000000
98
New weapons
```
Machine guns
Tanks
Poison gas
Submarines
Planes
```
99
What was the United States's official policy
Neutral
100
Causes of US joining WWI
German Unrestricted submarine warfare
Sinking of the Lusitania
the Zimmerman Note
101
What is unrestricted submarine warfare
Any vessel bound for Britain will be attacked
102
When was the sinking of the Lusitania
May 7, 1915
103
What happened at the sinking of the Lusitania
British passenger ship that was hit and sunk - 128 Americans killed among others
104
Significance of Lusitania
Remember the Maine
105
What did Wilson do after the Lusitania
Launched a military preparedness program in 1916
| Increased the size of the army and navy
106
What was the Zimmerman note
Intercepted cable from the Germans to Mexico proposing an alliance and offering lost American territories in the case of a German victory
107
What territories were being offered to Mexico?
New Mexico, Arizona, and Texas
108
When was war declared?
April 7, 1917
109
What was the American expeditionary force
Regular army, national guard, new draftees, and volunteers
110
Who commanded the AEF
General John J. Pershing
111
When did the Americans arrive
June 1917
112
Significance of American arrival
Boost in French morale
113
What did Colonel Charles E. Stanton do
Went to Marquis de Lafayette's tomb and said Lafayette, we are here
114
What did Germany do when America arrived
Launched a Hail Mary in March 1918 with 1 million men and 6000 artillery pieces
Got within 50 miles of Paris
Americans held their ground
115
What did French Marshall Ferdinand Foch do
United to US and took control
Gained the upper hand
Began to push Germans back
116
What was the Meuse-Argonne offensive
The battle of Argonne forest - 3 months
Foch launches offensive along entire western front
America leads attack
German morale breaks
117
How many American casualties
120000
118
About German morale
Mutinies
| Food riots
119
About American troops
Fresh and eager for combat
120
Who was Alvin York
Christian
121
Wright Brothers' Flight
1903
