Unit 1 Flashcards
1
Q
how did the Paleo Indians live?
A
followed animal herds throughout North America
2
Q
What happened to end the stone age?
A
the agricultural revolution
3
Q
what was the agricultural revolution
A
people started domesticating, adapting, and controlling animals and plants
4
Q
where did the Agricultural revolution begin
A
the Fertile Crescent
5
Q
what were the three main native american groups
A
maya
aztec
inca
6
Q
the maya…
A
thrived in southern Mexico and Guatemala
7
Q
the aztec
A
lived in central Mexico and were highly organized with a strict class system
8
Q
the Inca
A
in the Andes mountains in South america
12 million people at its height
9
Q
What happened to European trade in the middle ages?
A
it declined after the fall of Rome in 476
10
Q
why did Rome fall?
A
odicar, a non Roman was crowned
11
Q
What system did Europe follow?
A
feudalism
12
Q
what was the European feudal system?
A
king
nobles
knights
peasants/serfs
13
Q
What is the feudal system
A
a rigid class system
14
Q
What were the crusades
A
a war between christians and muslims
15
Q
Who ordered the crusades and why
A
Pope Urban
to take back Jerusalem
16
Q
Who led the Christians
A
king RIchard the Lionhearted
17
Q
two benefits of the crusades
A
opened new trade routes for Europe
spread new ideas
18
Q
what ideas did the crusades spread?
A
art
philosophy
science
19
Q
Where and when did the Renaissance start?
A
1300s in Florence Italy
20
Q
What countries rose to power during the Renaissance?
A
England
France
Portugal
Spain
21
Q
Who led the way in exploration
A
portugal
22
Q
What were the key trades?
A
spice and slave
23
Q
What did Columbus do?
A
tried to reach Asia in 1492 by sailing west across the Atlantic
landed in the Bahamas
24
Q
What was the common misconception in Columbus’s day?
A
the world was smaller
25
What did Hernan Cortes do and who was he?
Spanish conquistador seeking riches and the spread of Catholicism
conquered the Aztecs
built Mexico city
conquered the Incans
26
What did England do in the 17th and 18th centuries
established 13 colonies
27
what did the colonies do for England
served as a market for English goods and provided raw materials
28
Who was Sir Walter Raleigh?
an English adventurer who settled Virginia and named it after Elizabeth 1
29
story behind name of VA
elizabeth I was the virgin queen
30
What was Roanoke and what happened?
the first attempt to settle in region
failed
the people disappeared
Krokatoan carved into a tree
31
What did King James I do?
licensed 2 companies to settle in VA
32
Where did James I companies settle?
near Chesapeake Bay - Jamestown
33
what was the first government in America
house of burgesses
34
What was the house of burgesses
22 delegates chosen by colonists
first colonial legislature in England's overseas possession
self-government
35
when did the house of burgesses meet
1619
36
what happened to the House of burgesses
its power was revoked by the king in 1624
37
what replaced the house of burgesses
government appointed by the king
38
Who were the puritans
protestant Christians seeking to reform the Church of England
39
what did the puritans want to do
get rid of Catholic rituals and traditions
40
why did Puritans move to North America
to flee persecution in England
41
who were the pilgrims
160 passengers who sailed on the Mayflower
42
what did the pilgrims do
founded the colony at plymouth
43
what was the mayflower compact
the document that established self government based on majority rule
44
what was the great migration?
60000 puritans left England for America
45
where did the majority of the Puritans in the great migration go
New england
46
Who was John Winthrop
led 1000 settlers to Massachusetts
| wanted to be a city on a hill
47
Who were the first Americans?
Paleo Indians
48
what was the premier crop for cultivation
tobacco
49
where was tobacco grown
southern and middle colonies
50
Who worked tobacco fields initially
indentured servants
51
what happened with indentured servants
they grew restless and rebelled
52
What was the name of the rebellion of indentured servants
Bacon's rebellion
53
What was bacon's rebellion
Nathaniel Bacon led an uprising of indentured servants
| attacked natives and set fire to jamestown
54
what ended bacon's rebellion
his death by fever
55
How and where did slavery develop
gradually in the chesapeake
56
What was the triangle trade
europe to africa to carribeans and america
57
what was the middle passage
traders brought enslaved Africans across the Atlantic
58
who was olaudah equiano
former slave who wrote 'the interesting narrative of the life of olaudah equiano' best seller
59
When were the Carolinas founded
1663
60
what happened in Carolinas
settlers used enslaved west africans' knowledge of rice cultivation and the swampy coastal region to grow rice plantations
61
When was Georgia founded?
1732
62
What did Georgia do
refuge for English debtors
| buffer between South Carolina and spanish florida
63
What was the dutch west india company worth
trillions
64
what did the dutch west india company do
establish New Netherlands along the Hudson River Valley
65
where was new amsterdam
manhattan island
66
what happened to new amsterdam
conquered by English in 1664
| turned into NY and NJ
67
what was pennsylvania
a holy experiment
68
how was PA founded
king Charles II granted William Penn a large tract of land in 1681
69
what was PA for
a safe haven for Quakers
70
What did the Duke of York do
gave Penn another plot of land called Delaware which granted access to the Atlantic
71
trade between Europeans and natives
manufactured goods for animal pelts
72
what did the fur trade lead to
competition for hunting grounds
73
what happened in the late 1600s to natives
population declined due to disease
74
what was the French and Indian War
indians and French against the british
75
why did the Indians ally with the french
the french didn't take over so much
76
what disease killed many natives
smallpox
77
what killed many Europeans
malaria and yellow fever
78
Who won the French and Indian war?
british
79
what was pontiac's rebellion
colonists settling further west imposing onto Native lands
| chief Pontiac calls for natives to attack
80
what did the british do in response to pontiac's rebellion
proclamation of 1763
81
what was the proclamation of 1763
banned settlement west of the appalachians
| 10000 troops stationed in colonies
82
which amendment is against quartering of troops during peace time
3
83
why did the british pass new taxes
to help recover losses from the French and Indian war
84
what was one of the first taxes on
sugar and molasses
85
what did the colonists say in response to taxes
no taxation without representation
86
when was the stamp act
1765
87
what was the stamp act
any printed material
88
who protested to the stamp act
sons of liberty
89
what did samuel adams say
when people are oppressed, they will be unhappy and that's right
90
what was the stamp act congress
led by samuel adams
| delegates met to inform george III of their frustration
91
how did the british respond to the stamp act congress
repealed the stamp act and passed the declaratory act
92
what was the declaratory act
british parliament can pass laws affecting colonists in America
93
what were the townshend acts
used to pay for British military presence in colonies
94
what happened in the boston massacre
colonists opposed the townshend acts
redcoats sent in to enforce the law
redcoats opened fire
5 killed
95
when was the boston massacre
1770
96
What did the tea act do
tax tea
97
what was the boston tea party
sons of liberty boarded british ships and threw 342 chests of tea into the harbor dressed as native americans
98
when was the boston tea party
1773
99
what did the first continental congress do
agreed to remain loyal to the crown
| claimed rights as british subjects
100
what was the response to the Continental Congress's petition
king george declared them rebels
general thomas gage was sent to stop the rebellion
parliament has absolute sovereignty
101
what is sovereignty
authority of a state to govern itself
102
what is a loyalist
one who supported english rule
103
what is a patriot
one who supports independence
104
what is a militia
a military force that is raised from the population to supplement a regular army in an emergency
105
what were minutemen
special units
ready for quick mobilization
could reload and fire twice per min
106
where was the shot heard round the world
lexington and concord
107
what happened at lexington and concord
british marched towards the cities
met by 70 minutemen at lexington
american victory
108
paul revere
paul revere and william dawes rode at midnight to spread the alarm
revere was captured
109
casualties of lexington and concord
250 british
| 100 american
110
what was the revolutionary government
continental congress
| democratic republic
111
who was appointed general and commander in chief
george washington
112
about washington
successful in french and indian war
| refused to be paid
113
why did washington refuse to be paid
```
it was his duty
he believed in the cause
he didn't want to overuse the power
already wealthy
the congress was poor
```
114
what was said at bunker hill
don't fire til you see the whites of their eyes
115
why wait to fire at bunker hill
inaccurate guns
| low ammo
116
where was bunker hill
outside of boston
117
what happened at bunker hill
british navy fired cannons
militia forced to retreat
british victory at great cost
118
casualties bunker hill
british 1054
| american 400
119
what did bunker hill do
solidified american ability and loyalty to cause
120
what document professed loyalty to George III
olive branch petition and declaration of causes and necessity of taking up arms
121
when was the olive branch petition writtten
july 5 1775
122
what was the olive branch petition
written by John Dickinson
maintained colonists' purpose to fight for their rights
our cause is just
123
what did George III say to olive branch petition
declared the colonists enemies
| issued a proclamation of rebellion
124
what is common sense
pamphlet published anonymously by Thomas paine which stated that independence from england was common sense and blamed king george III for the colonists' problems
125
rapidity of common sense
100000 copies in 3 months
126
when was the declaration of independence signed
july 4, 1776
127
who wrote the declaration
thomas jefferson
128
what did the declaration do
listed grievances and principles
| charges against George III
129
where did the declaration come from
John Locke's contract theory of government
130
what did john locke say
power comes from the people
131
what happened at NY
british massed
washington retreated
NY taken by British
132
when was NY taken
July 2, 1776
133
how many people did the british have and why significant
32000
9000 of which are Hessians
largest force mustered in 18th century
134
what is a hessian
german mercenary
135
Christmas move
Washington crossed the delaware around christmas and surprised 1500 hessians with general howe
136
results of christmas raid
1000 captured or killed Brits
| 6 American casualties
137
Philadelphia
Howe went for Philadelphia
| Washington countered, but was forced to retreatt
138
what was the capitol of America
philadelphia
139
what happens to Philadelphia and why significant
british capture it but now they're spread thin
140
Where did Washington go from philadelphia
valley forge
141
what happened at saratoga
burgoyne headed toward albany but was stopped by gates and his more mobile american troops
british surrounded and surrendered
142
how many british prisoners at saratoga
5200
143
significance of saratoga
french are the first to recognize US as a nation and agree to fight with US til independence is won
144
key help from the French
navy
145
who is Marquis de Lafayette
frenchman and key ally for Americans
major general in Continental Army
fought and interceded
aided washington at yorktown
146
WWI connection to lafayette
colonel charles e stanton came to help the french and went to Lafayette's tomb and said Lafayette, we are here
147
mr. Harper's nickname for the revolution
WW 0.5
148
parties involved in WW 0.5
spain allied with france but not america
| dutch at war with british
149
where did the fighting spread to
mediterranean, africa, india, west indies
150
what did washington say about european alliances
beware
151
what happened at valley forge
people got sick in harsh winter
152
stats of valley forge
7000 to sick to fight
2500 dead
1000 desert
153
what happens in march after valley forge
```
spirits rise
health improves
rigorous training begins
congress promises extra pay
Americans begin to look professional
```
154
what happened at siege of yorktown
cornwallis was surrounded by lafayette and washington by land and the french navy by sea
155
surrender
Cornwallis sent an emissary so Washington did the same
156
what was the quote at yorktown
oh god its all over - lord north
157
what was the treaty of paris
british recognized independence of US
| boundary set from Atlantic to Mississippi
158
when was the treaty of paris signed
Sep. 3,, 1783
159
who was john adams
second president
federalist
political philosopher
160
what is a federalist
strong central government
161
what did adams say
people and nations are forged in the fires of adversity
162
who was ben franklin
writer
inventor
scientist
163
what did franklin do
negotiated the treaty of paris
164
what did franklin say
failing to prepare - preparing to fail
165
thomas jefferson
third president
166
what did jefferson say
sworn against tyranny over minds
167
george III
king of england during American revolution
168
what did george say
die is cast
| colonies must submit or triumph, no retreat
169
order of rivers
```
colorado
rio grande
arkansas
mississippi
potomac
middle up missouri
```
170
where is the potomac river
off of the chesapeake bay
171
where is jamestown
bottom of chesapeake bay in an inlet
172
where is richmond
middle east
173
where is harrisburg
middle slightly southeast
174
what is the capital of new hampshire
concord
175
where is albany
north a tad, a tad east
