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Unit 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

how did the Paleo Indians live?

A

followed animal herds throughout North America

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2
Q

What happened to end the stone age?

A

the agricultural revolution

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3
Q

what was the agricultural revolution

A

people started domesticating, adapting, and controlling animals and plants

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4
Q

where did the Agricultural revolution begin

A

the Fertile Crescent

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5
Q

what were the three main native american groups

A

maya
aztec
inca

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6
Q

the maya…

A

thrived in southern Mexico and Guatemala

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7
Q

the aztec

A

lived in central Mexico and were highly organized with a strict class system

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8
Q

the Inca

A

in the Andes mountains in South america

12 million people at its height

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9
Q

What happened to European trade in the middle ages?

A

it declined after the fall of Rome in 476

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10
Q

why did Rome fall?

A

odicar, a non Roman was crowned

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11
Q

What system did Europe follow?

A

feudalism

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12
Q

what was the European feudal system?

A

king
nobles
knights
peasants/serfs

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13
Q

What is the feudal system

A

a rigid class system

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14
Q

What were the crusades

A

a war between christians and muslims

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15
Q

Who ordered the crusades and why

A

Pope Urban

to take back Jerusalem

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16
Q

Who led the Christians

A

king RIchard the Lionhearted

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17
Q

two benefits of the crusades

A

opened new trade routes for Europe

spread new ideas

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18
Q

what ideas did the crusades spread?

A

art
philosophy
science

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19
Q

Where and when did the Renaissance start?

A

1300s in Florence Italy

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20
Q

What countries rose to power during the Renaissance?

A

England
France
Portugal
Spain

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21
Q

Who led the way in exploration

A

portugal

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22
Q

What were the key trades?

A

spice and slave

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23
Q

What did Columbus do?

A

tried to reach Asia in 1492 by sailing west across the Atlantic
landed in the Bahamas

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24
Q

What was the common misconception in Columbus’s day?

A

the world was smaller

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25
Q

What did Hernan Cortes do and who was he?

A

Spanish conquistador seeking riches and the spread of Catholicism
conquered the Aztecs
built Mexico city
conquered the Incans

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26
Q

What did England do in the 17th and 18th centuries

A

established 13 colonies

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27
Q

what did the colonies do for England

A

served as a market for English goods and provided raw materials

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28
Q

Who was Sir Walter Raleigh?

A

an English adventurer who settled Virginia and named it after Elizabeth 1

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29
Q

story behind name of VA

A

elizabeth I was the virgin queen

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30
Q

What was Roanoke and what happened?

A

the first attempt to settle in region
failed
the people disappeared
Krokatoan carved into a tree

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31
Q

What did King James I do?

A

licensed 2 companies to settle in VA

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32
Q

Where did James I companies settle?

A

near Chesapeake Bay - Jamestown

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33
Q

what was the first government in America

A

house of burgesses

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34
Q

What was the house of burgesses

A

22 delegates chosen by colonists
first colonial legislature in England’s overseas possession
self-government

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35
Q

when did the house of burgesses meet

A

1619

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36
Q

what happened to the House of burgesses

A

its power was revoked by the king in 1624

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37
Q

what replaced the house of burgesses

A

government appointed by the king

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38
Q

Who were the puritans

A

protestant Christians seeking to reform the Church of England

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39
Q

what did the puritans want to do

A

get rid of Catholic rituals and traditions

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40
Q

why did Puritans move to North America

A

to flee persecution in England

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41
Q

who were the pilgrims

A

160 passengers who sailed on the Mayflower

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42
Q

what did the pilgrims do

A

founded the colony at plymouth

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43
Q

what was the mayflower compact

A

the document that established self government based on majority rule

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44
Q

what was the great migration?

A

60000 puritans left England for America

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45
Q

where did the majority of the Puritans in the great migration go

A

New england

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46
Q

Who was John Winthrop

A

led 1000 settlers to Massachusetts

wanted to be a city on a hill

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47
Q

Who were the first Americans?

A

Paleo Indians

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48
Q

what was the premier crop for cultivation

A

tobacco

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49
Q

where was tobacco grown

A

southern and middle colonies

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50
Q

Who worked tobacco fields initially

A

indentured servants

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51
Q

what happened with indentured servants

A

they grew restless and rebelled

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52
Q

What was the name of the rebellion of indentured servants

A

Bacon’s rebellion

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53
Q

What was bacon’s rebellion

A

Nathaniel Bacon led an uprising of indentured servants

attacked natives and set fire to jamestown

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54
Q

what ended bacon’s rebellion

A

his death by fever

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55
Q

How and where did slavery develop

A

gradually in the chesapeake

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56
Q

What was the triangle trade

A

europe to africa to carribeans and america

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57
Q

what was the middle passage

A

traders brought enslaved Africans across the Atlantic

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58
Q

who was olaudah equiano

A

former slave who wrote ‘the interesting narrative of the life of olaudah equiano’ best seller

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59
Q

When were the Carolinas founded

A

1663

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60
Q

what happened in Carolinas

A

settlers used enslaved west africans’ knowledge of rice cultivation and the swampy coastal region to grow rice plantations

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61
Q

When was Georgia founded?

A

1732

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62
Q

What did Georgia do

A

refuge for English debtors

buffer between South Carolina and spanish florida

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63
Q

What was the dutch west india company worth

A

trillions

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64
Q

what did the dutch west india company do

A

establish New Netherlands along the Hudson River Valley

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65
Q

where was new amsterdam

A

manhattan island

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66
Q

what happened to new amsterdam

A

conquered by English in 1664

turned into NY and NJ

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67
Q

what was pennsylvania

A

a holy experiment

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68
Q

how was PA founded

A

king Charles II granted William Penn a large tract of land in 1681

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69
Q

what was PA for

A

a safe haven for Quakers

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70
Q

What did the Duke of York do

A

gave Penn another plot of land called Delaware which granted access to the Atlantic

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71
Q

trade between Europeans and natives

A

manufactured goods for animal pelts

72
Q

what did the fur trade lead to

A

competition for hunting grounds

73
Q

what happened in the late 1600s to natives

A

population declined due to disease

74
Q

what was the French and Indian War

A

indians and French against the british

75
Q

why did the Indians ally with the french

A

the french didn’t take over so much

76
Q

what disease killed many natives

A

smallpox

77
Q

what killed many Europeans

A

malaria and yellow fever

78
Q

Who won the French and Indian war?

A

british

79
Q

what was pontiac’s rebellion

A

colonists settling further west imposing onto Native lands

chief Pontiac calls for natives to attack

80
Q

what did the british do in response to pontiac’s rebellion

A

proclamation of 1763

81
Q

what was the proclamation of 1763

A

banned settlement west of the appalachians

10000 troops stationed in colonies

82
Q

which amendment is against quartering of troops during peace time

A

3

83
Q

why did the british pass new taxes

A

to help recover losses from the French and Indian war

84
Q

what was one of the first taxes on

A

sugar and molasses

85
Q

what did the colonists say in response to taxes

A

no taxation without representation

86
Q

when was the stamp act

A

1765

87
Q

what was the stamp act

A

any printed material

88
Q

who protested to the stamp act

A

sons of liberty

89
Q

what did samuel adams say

A

when people are oppressed, they will be unhappy and that’s right

90
Q

what was the stamp act congress

A

led by samuel adams

delegates met to inform george III of their frustration

91
Q

how did the british respond to the stamp act congress

A

repealed the stamp act and passed the declaratory act

92
Q

what was the declaratory act

A

british parliament can pass laws affecting colonists in America

93
Q

what were the townshend acts

A

used to pay for British military presence in colonies

94
Q

what happened in the boston massacre

A

colonists opposed the townshend acts
redcoats sent in to enforce the law
redcoats opened fire
5 killed

95
Q

when was the boston massacre

A

1770

96
Q

What did the tea act do

A

tax tea

97
Q

what was the boston tea party

A

sons of liberty boarded british ships and threw 342 chests of tea into the harbor dressed as native americans

98
Q

when was the boston tea party

A

1773

99
Q

what did the first continental congress do

A

agreed to remain loyal to the crown

claimed rights as british subjects

100
Q

what was the response to the Continental Congress’s petition

A

king george declared them rebels
general thomas gage was sent to stop the rebellion
parliament has absolute sovereignty

101
Q

what is sovereignty

A

authority of a state to govern itself

102
Q

what is a loyalist

A

one who supported english rule

103
Q

what is a patriot

A

one who supports independence

104
Q

what is a militia

A

a military force that is raised from the population to supplement a regular army in an emergency

105
Q

what were minutemen

A

special units
ready for quick mobilization
could reload and fire twice per min

106
Q

where was the shot heard round the world

A

lexington and concord

107
Q

what happened at lexington and concord

A

british marched towards the cities
met by 70 minutemen at lexington
american victory

108
Q

paul revere

A

paul revere and william dawes rode at midnight to spread the alarm
revere was captured

109
Q

casualties of lexington and concord

A

250 british

100 american

110
Q

what was the revolutionary government

A

continental congress

democratic republic

111
Q

who was appointed general and commander in chief

A

george washington

112
Q

about washington

A

successful in french and indian war

refused to be paid

113
Q

why did washington refuse to be paid

A 
it was his duty
he believed in the cause
he didn't want to overuse the power
already wealthy
the congress was poor
114
Q

what was said at bunker hill

A

don’t fire til you see the whites of their eyes

115
Q

why wait to fire at bunker hill

A

inaccurate guns

low ammo

116
Q

where was bunker hill

A

outside of boston

117
Q

what happened at bunker hill

A

british navy fired cannons
militia forced to retreat
british victory at great cost

118
Q

casualties bunker hill

A

british 1054

american 400

119
Q

what did bunker hill do

A

solidified american ability and loyalty to cause

120
Q

what document professed loyalty to George III

A

olive branch petition and declaration of causes and necessity of taking up arms

121
Q

when was the olive branch petition writtten

A

july 5 1775

122
Q

what was the olive branch petition

A

written by John Dickinson
maintained colonists’ purpose to fight for their rights
our cause is just

123
Q

what did George III say to olive branch petition

A

declared the colonists enemies

issued a proclamation of rebellion

124
Q

what is common sense

A

pamphlet published anonymously by Thomas paine which stated that independence from england was common sense and blamed king george III for the colonists’ problems

125
Q

rapidity of common sense

A

100000 copies in 3 months

126
Q

when was the declaration of independence signed

A

july 4, 1776

127
Q

who wrote the declaration

A

thomas jefferson

128
Q

what did the declaration do

A

listed grievances and principles

charges against George III

129
Q

where did the declaration come from

A

John Locke’s contract theory of government

130
Q

what did john locke say

A

power comes from the people

131
Q

what happened at NY

A

british massed
washington retreated
NY taken by British

132
Q

when was NY taken

A

July 2, 1776

133
Q

how many people did the british have and why significant

A

32000
9000 of which are Hessians
largest force mustered in 18th century

134
Q

what is a hessian

A

german mercenary

135
Q

Christmas move

A

Washington crossed the delaware around christmas and surprised 1500 hessians with general howe

136
Q

results of christmas raid

A

1000 captured or killed Brits

6 American casualties

137
Q

Philadelphia

A

Howe went for Philadelphia

Washington countered, but was forced to retreatt

138
Q

what was the capitol of America

A

philadelphia

139
Q

what happens to Philadelphia and why significant

A

british capture it but now they’re spread thin

140
Q

Where did Washington go from philadelphia

A

valley forge

141
Q

what happened at saratoga

A

burgoyne headed toward albany but was stopped by gates and his more mobile american troops
british surrounded and surrendered

142
Q

how many british prisoners at saratoga

A

5200

143
Q

significance of saratoga

A

french are the first to recognize US as a nation and agree to fight with US til independence is won

144
Q

key help from the French

A

navy

145
Q

who is Marquis de Lafayette

A

frenchman and key ally for Americans
major general in Continental Army
fought and interceded
aided washington at yorktown

146
Q

WWI connection to lafayette

A

colonel charles e stanton came to help the french and went to Lafayette’s tomb and said Lafayette, we are here

147
Q

mr. Harper’s nickname for the revolution

A

WW 0.5

148
Q

parties involved in WW 0.5

A

spain allied with france but not america

dutch at war with british

149
Q

where did the fighting spread to

A

mediterranean, africa, india, west indies

150
Q

what did washington say about european alliances

A

beware

151
Q

what happened at valley forge

A

people got sick in harsh winter

152
Q

stats of valley forge

A

7000 to sick to fight
2500 dead
1000 desert

153
Q

what happens in march after valley forge

A 
spirits rise
health improves
rigorous training begins
congress promises extra pay
Americans begin to look professional
154
Q

what happened at siege of yorktown

A

cornwallis was surrounded by lafayette and washington by land and the french navy by sea

155
Q

surrender

A

Cornwallis sent an emissary so Washington did the same

156
Q

what was the quote at yorktown

A

oh god its all over - lord north

157
Q

what was the treaty of paris

A

british recognized independence of US

boundary set from Atlantic to Mississippi

158
Q

when was the treaty of paris signed

A

Sep. 3,, 1783

159
Q

who was john adams

A

second president
federalist
political philosopher

160
Q

what is a federalist

A

strong central government

161
Q

what did adams say

A

people and nations are forged in the fires of adversity

162
Q

who was ben franklin

A

writer
inventor
scientist

163
Q

what did franklin do

A

negotiated the treaty of paris

164
Q

what did franklin say

A

failing to prepare - preparing to fail

165
Q

thomas jefferson

A

third president

166
Q

what did jefferson say

A

sworn against tyranny over minds

167
Q

george III

A

king of england during American revolution

168
Q

what did george say

A

die is cast

colonies must submit or triumph, no retreat

169
Q

order of rivers

A 
colorado 
rio grande
arkansas
mississippi
potomac
middle up missouri
170
Q

where is the potomac river

A

off of the chesapeake bay

171
Q

where is jamestown

A

bottom of chesapeake bay in an inlet

172
Q

where is richmond

A

middle east

173
Q

where is harrisburg

A

middle slightly southeast

174
Q

what is the capital of new hampshire

A

concord

175
Q

where is albany

A

north a tad, a tad east

US History (13 decks)

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