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Unit 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

what were slaves doing

A

homeless
hopeful
attempting to find families

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2
Q

lincoln’s reonstruction

A

hoped to bring south back to union

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3
Q

what was the proclamation of amnesty and reconstruction

A

offered pardon to all southerners except high ranking generals
permitted a state to rejoin the union

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4
Q

how could a state reenter the union

A

if 10% of population who voted for succession swore loyalty

congress wanted 50%

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5
Q

what was Lincoln doing when he was assassinated

A

watching a play at ford’s theater

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6
Q

who shot lincoln

A

john wilkes booth

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7
Q

what was john wilkes booth previously

A

an actor

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8
Q

what did booth shout

A

sic semper tyrrannis

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9
Q

who was the first American president to be assassinated

A

Lincoln

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10
Q

when was Lincoln Assassinated

A

April 14, 1865

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11
Q

when was the proclamation of amnesty and reconstruction

A

December 8, 1863

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12
Q

who was Andrew Johnson

A

president after Lincoln
Democrat
from TN
racist

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13
Q

Johnson wanted to

A

punish the south

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14
Q

who did johnson’s policies benefit

A

confederates

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15
Q

how did johnson’s policies benefit confederated

A

allowed them to remain in government

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16
Q

what were black codes

A

no freedmen, Negro, or mulatto can carry guns or ammo
travel without permits
attend white schools
restricted voting

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17
Q

what did black codes resemble and how

A

slave codes

substituted slave for freedmen

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18
Q

what did the thirteenth amendment do?

A

abolished slavery

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19
Q

when was the thirteenth amendment ratified

A

dec 6, 1865

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20
Q

what was juneteenth

A

news of emancipation reaches slaves in TX by Gen. Granger

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21
Q

when was juneteenth

A

june 19, 1865

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22
Q

who were the two groups disagreeing over reconstruction

A

moderates versus radicals

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23
Q

two groups of republicans

A

moderates and radicals

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24
Q

what did moderates say about voting for blacks

A

give blacks rights, but not voting

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25
Q

what did radicals say about blacks voting

A

give blacks full rights

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26
Q

what did republicans agree on

A

former confederates should not be in government

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27
Q

thaddeus stevens - who is he and what did he want

A

radical

desired drastic change in southern government

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28
Q

what was land reform

A

efforts to break up large southern plantations
distribute freed slaves
humble the proud south

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29
Q

how did republicans feel about land reform

A

skeptical

idea fails to take effect

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30
Q

what was the freedmen’s bureau and what did it do

A

created in 1865 to aid millions of southerners
distributed food and clothing
set up hospitals and schools
served as employment agency
operated schools
settled contract disputes
encouraged laborers to continue working on plantations

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31
Q

what did Congress want to do with Freedmen’s Bureau and what happened

A

lengthen its life

vetoed by johnson

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32
Q

what was the civil rights act of 1866

A

declared everyone born in the US a citizen with full rights, not including voting

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33
Q

what happened to the civil rights act of 1866

A

vetoed by johnson, which was vetoed by congress

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34
Q

what happened to the new freedmen’s bureau bill

A

vetoed by johnson, veto overrided

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35
Q

when was the 14th amendment passed

A

june 1866

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36
Q

what did the 14th amendment say

A

required states to extend equal citizenship to all born or naturalized in US
promised equal protection of laws
did not guarantee the right to vote

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37
Q

what happened after the 14th amendment

A

radical republicans grow in power
johnson calls them traitors
campaigned against the 14th amendment

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38
Q

what happened in Memphis

A

2 carriages collide - black driver arrested, white driver free
conflict: 46 african americans killed

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39
Q

what couldn’t whites see?

A

blacks as equal

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40
Q

what happened in the election of 1866

A

republicans sweep victory and gain control of congress

seize full control of reconstruction process

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41
Q

when were the reconstruction acts

A

1867

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42
Q

what did the reconstruction acts say

A

divided former confederacy into 5 military districts
union troops stationed to keep order
states required to ratify 14th amendment to rejoin union
states required to submit a new constitution guaranteeing all men the right to vote

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43
Q

when was the tenure of office act

A

1867

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44
Q

what did the tenure office act say and do

A

required senate approval for president to remove officials appointed by the senate
drafted by radical republicans do trip johnson up

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45
Q

what did johnson do when the tenure of office act came out

A

removes Secretary of war edwin stanton (radical republican appointed by senate)

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46
Q

case for impeachment

A

house of representatives
for violating tenure of office act
weak
fell short one vote of 2/3 majority needed

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47
Q

who is after johnson

A

Grant

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48
Q

who nominates grant

A

radical republicans

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49
Q

about grant

A

little political experience

war hero

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50
Q

what do democrats say about grant’s race

A

threaten blacks against voting republican

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51
Q

grant’s race

A

versus horatio seymour
close race
grant wins with help of blacks

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52
Q

what was the 15th amendment

A

right of us citizens to vote won’t be denied by race, color, or previous slavery by US or states

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53
Q

when was the 15th amendment ratified

A

1870

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54
Q

who drafted the 15th amendment

A

republicans

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55
Q

what do blacks do with new rights

A

support republican party
get involved in politics
run for political office

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56
Q

how many blacks get elected to congress

A

16

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57
Q

who was hiram revels

A

black man who replaced jefferson davis in the us senate

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58
Q

where was hiram revels from

A

Mississippi

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59
Q

what is a carpetbagger

A

a northern republican taking over government in the south

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60
Q

what is a scalawag

A

southern whites who supported reconstruction

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61
Q

what was the republican alliance for

A

seizing economic and political power in the south

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62
Q

what is a terrorist

A

person who uses fear in the pursuit of political aims

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63
Q

who led the KKK

A

Nathan Bedford Forrest

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64
Q

what did they call forrest

A

grand wizard

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65
Q

what was the KKK a response to and what did they want to do

A

northern imposition of reconstruction

destroy republican party in south

66
Q

what did the KKK do

A

frightened black political leaders into submission
murdered politicians and successful blacks
burned homes, schools, and churches

67
Q

how does republican attention shift

A

from civil rights to economics

68
Q

what was the panic of 1873

A

economic depression
turned voters against republicans
r

69
Q

what did the panic of 1873 cause

A

republicans begin to view reconstruction as political burden

70
Q

who were the redeemers

A

southern democrats who used terrorism to subdue african americans

71
Q

what did the redeemers do

A

murdered republican voters

72
Q

who called the redeemers that

A

white southerners

73
Q

what happened in the presidential election of 1876

A

Democrat Samuel J Tilden won popular vote
Republican Rutherford B Hayes wins by one electoral vote
democrats furious

74
Q

what was the compromise of 1877

A

democrats accept hayes as president
republicans withdraw federal troops from south
ends reconstruction

75
Q

result of compromise of 1877

A

reconstruction governments fail
southern states rewrite state constitutions
overturn civil rights reforms

76
Q

what is sharecropping

A

farmer works a parcel of land in return for a share of the crop, a house, seeds, tools, and a mule

77
Q

about sharecropping

A

difficult, if not impossible to gain financial independence
cycle of debt
little better than slavery

78
Q

what were southerners pushing for

A

more diverse economy

industrial growth

79
Q

who wrote story of a funeral

A

henry w. grady

80
Q

about grady

A

editor of atlanta constitution
advocate for new south
thought south too dependent on northern economy

81
Q

what were jim crow laws

A

designed to enforce separation of the races

82
Q

what were poll taxes

A

fixed taxes on every voter

83
Q

what were literacy tests

A

barred those who could not read from voting

84
Q

when was plessy versus ferguson

A

1896

85
Q

what happened at plessy versus Ferguson

A 
homer plessy black bought first class ticket on train for whites, arrested
races ruled separate but equal
86
Q

who were middle class african americans

A

doctors
government workers
teachers
lawyers

87
Q

how much land did african americans in georgia own

A

400000 acres

88
Q

who was madame c.j. walker

A

entrepreneur
$1.50 to start
one of the first female millionaires
sold hair products

89
Q

who was booker t. washington

A

urged blacks to pursue economic independence

discouraged protesting

90
Q

who was ida b wells

A

sought to end lynching of blacks

urged african americans to leave hostile cities

91
Q

how many natives lived west of mississippi river

A

360000

92
Q

how did the indians live

A

nomadic, not landowning

93
Q

how did the natives interact with US

A

negotiated treaties
moved to reservations
some resisted

94
Q

what was the bureau of indian affairs

A

government agency responsible for managing indian issues
in charge of reservation system
negotiated treates

95
Q

what did the BIA promise

A

land and yearly supplies for 30 years

96
Q

what did the us do with its treaties

A

often failed to honor them

97
Q

why didn’t natives want to move to reservations

A

didn’t want to give up culture of following buffalo

98
Q

what did america do about indian unrest

A

sent 20000 us troops, mainly civil war vets, to keep natives on reservations

99
Q

when was the sand creek massacre

A

1864

100
Q

what happened at the sand creek massacre

A

cheyenne and arapaho tribes clashed with local militia
flew American flag because wanted peace
when men were out hunting Colonel John M. Chivington attacks, 200 natives killed, mostly men and women

101
Q

about chivington

A

right and honorable to use any means necessary to kill Indians

102
Q

how did americans feel about chivington

A

many horrified

103
Q

what brought people to the battle of little bighorn

A

discovery of gold in the black hills led the government to violate the treaty of fort laramie

104
Q

when was the treaty of fort laramie

A

1867

105
Q

who led the natives at little bighorn

A

sitting bull

106
Q

when was sitting bull born

A

1831

107
Q

who was sitting bull

A

respected leader among sioux

led 2500 men, including crazy horse

108
Q

who was the American at little bighorn

A

general George Armstrong Custer

109
Q

who was custer

A

popular

110
Q

how many men did custer have

A

600

111
Q

what happened at bighorn

A

US forces left with no survivors

last victory for sioux

112
Q

what was the ghost dance

A

religious revival among natives where they believed ancestors would be raised from the dead and buffalo would return

113
Q

government’s response to ghost dance

A

wary of rebellion

massacred sioux natives trying to take their arms away

114
Q

what was the massacre of sioux indians when the US tried to take their arms away called

A

wounded knee

115
Q

events that ended native resistance

A

fierce apaches forced onto reservations
geronimo escapes with 75 followers
raids arizona and Mexico
eventually forced to surrender

116
Q

what did the natives lose

A

500 million acres of land

most of the buffalo (dead)

117
Q

who was thoc me tony and what did she do

A

Sarah Winnemucca was a Paiute native who called attention to native problems and asked hayes to allow her people to go home

118
Q

what did hayes say to thoc me tony

A

yes, but BIA did not follow him

119
Q

what is assimilation

A

the process by which a person or a group’s language and or culture come to resemble those of another group

120
Q

what did the government want with natives

A

to absorb them into white America

121
Q

what was the Dawes act

A

required native land to be surveyed

families received 160 acres of land for farming

122
Q

what did natives do with land from dawes act

A

many sold it

many cheated out of allotments of land

123
Q

did any reservations experience prosperity? If so where

A

yes
new mexico
arizona
navajo

124
Q

what were the three land acts

A

homestead
pacific railway
merrill

125
Q

what was the homestead act

A

permits citizens to claim surveyed land up to 160 acres

126
Q

what was the pacific railway act

A

gave land to railroad companies to develop railroad lines linking the east and west coasts

127
Q

what was the merrill act

A

17 million acres of federal land given to states to finance agricultural and engineering colleges

128
Q

what was the land grab and when

A

50000 gathered to race for land

1889

129
Q

what did railroad companies do and how

A

encouraged settlers to move out west
advertised in the eastern us
gave reporters free trips to write articles on western settlement

130
Q

how much land was given to railroads total

A

225 million acres

131
Q

what main groups were moving west

A

white americans from east
black americans from south
immigrants

132
Q

what did moving west offer

A

escape poverty, violence, and persecution
fertile soil
chance to start over

133
Q

what was the america fever

A

immigrants flock to america to find settlement out west

134
Q

what groups came to america

A

danes, norwegians, swedes, irish, germans, and Russians

135
Q

how much land was homesteaded on the great plains

A

80 million acres

136
Q

problems with going out west

A

lack of water

built sod and topsoil homes due to lack of wood

137
Q

new farm equipment

A

self binding harvester
stronger and sharper plows
combine

138
Q

what was a combine

A

cut wheat, separated it from plant, cleaned grain

139
Q

chores

A

care of animals
churning butter
plowing fields
collecting harvest

140
Q

how much wheat did one family need

A

25 tons

141
Q

what was the cattle boom

A

increased demand for beef in eastern cities

cattle industry becomes highly profitable

142
Q

how much did one steer cost

A

$40

143
Q

what was a cowboy

A

often a civil war vet

moved cattle from TX to railroads in missouri or kansas

144
Q

what were cowboys’ routes called

A

long drive

145
Q

where did cowboys take their cows

A

open range for grazing

146
Q

what caused the end of the cattle boom

A

invention of barbed wire caused an oversaturated market

147
Q

how long was the cattle boom

A

20 years

148
Q

what was the mining boom

A

miners raced to strike it rich

colorado gold rush 1858

149
Q

where is one of the world’s largest silver mines

A

Lomstock Lode nevada

150
Q

what do miners do up north

A

look for precious metals as far as british columbia

151
Q

what does russia do around this time

A

sells alaska for 2cents/acre

152
Q

what is discovered in alaska and where

A

gold in the klondike district

153
Q

what mining camps turned into towns

A

denver, carson city NV, helena MT

154
Q

what business opportunities were there for miners

A

clothes
tools
food

155
Q

who need jobs in south

A

confederate veterans

free slaves

156
Q

when was columbus’s voyage

A

1492

157
Q

when was the jamestown colony founded

A

1607

158
Q

when was the declaration of independence signed

A

July 4, 1776

159
Q

when was the constitution ratified

A

june 21, 1788

160
Q

when was the louisiana purchase

A

1803

161
Q

when did the civil war begin

A

april 12, 1861

162
Q

when did the civil war end

A

april 9, 1865

US History (13 decks)

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