Unit 3 Flashcards
1
Q
what were slaves doing
A
homeless
hopeful
attempting to find families
2
Q
lincoln’s reonstruction
A
hoped to bring south back to union
3
Q
what was the proclamation of amnesty and reconstruction
A
offered pardon to all southerners except high ranking generals
permitted a state to rejoin the union
4
Q
how could a state reenter the union
A
if 10% of population who voted for succession swore loyalty
congress wanted 50%
5
Q
what was Lincoln doing when he was assassinated
A
watching a play at ford’s theater
6
Q
who shot lincoln
A
john wilkes booth
7
Q
what was john wilkes booth previously
A
an actor
8
Q
what did booth shout
A
sic semper tyrrannis
9
Q
who was the first American president to be assassinated
A
Lincoln
10
Q
when was Lincoln Assassinated
A
April 14, 1865
11
Q
when was the proclamation of amnesty and reconstruction
A
December 8, 1863
12
Q
who was Andrew Johnson
A
president after Lincoln
Democrat
from TN
racist
13
Q
Johnson wanted to
A
punish the south
14
Q
who did johnson’s policies benefit
A
confederates
15
Q
how did johnson’s policies benefit confederated
A
allowed them to remain in government
16
Q
what were black codes
A
no freedmen, Negro, or mulatto can carry guns or ammo
travel without permits
attend white schools
restricted voting
17
Q
what did black codes resemble and how
A
slave codes
substituted slave for freedmen
18
Q
what did the thirteenth amendment do?
A
abolished slavery
19
Q
when was the thirteenth amendment ratified
A
dec 6, 1865
20
Q
what was juneteenth
A
news of emancipation reaches slaves in TX by Gen. Granger
21
Q
when was juneteenth
A
june 19, 1865
22
Q
who were the two groups disagreeing over reconstruction
A
moderates versus radicals
23
Q
two groups of republicans
A
moderates and radicals
24
Q
what did moderates say about voting for blacks
A
give blacks rights, but not voting
25
what did radicals say about blacks voting
give blacks full rights
26
what did republicans agree on
former confederates should not be in government
27
thaddeus stevens - who is he and what did he want
radical
| desired drastic change in southern government
28
what was land reform
efforts to break up large southern plantations
distribute freed slaves
humble the proud south
29
how did republicans feel about land reform
skeptical
| idea fails to take effect
30
what was the freedmen's bureau and what did it do
created in 1865 to aid millions of southerners
distributed food and clothing
set up hospitals and schools
served as employment agency
operated schools
settled contract disputes
encouraged laborers to continue working on plantations
31
what did Congress want to do with Freedmen's Bureau and what happened
lengthen its life
| vetoed by johnson
32
what was the civil rights act of 1866
declared everyone born in the US a citizen with full rights, not including voting
33
what happened to the civil rights act of 1866
vetoed by johnson, which was vetoed by congress
34
what happened to the new freedmen's bureau bill
vetoed by johnson, veto overrided
35
when was the 14th amendment passed
june 1866
36
what did the 14th amendment say
required states to extend equal citizenship to all born or naturalized in US
promised equal protection of laws
did not guarantee the right to vote
37
what happened after the 14th amendment
radical republicans grow in power
johnson calls them traitors
campaigned against the 14th amendment
38
what happened in Memphis
2 carriages collide - black driver arrested, white driver free
conflict: 46 african americans killed
39
what couldn't whites see?
blacks as equal
40
what happened in the election of 1866
republicans sweep victory and gain control of congress
| seize full control of reconstruction process
41
when were the reconstruction acts
1867
42
what did the reconstruction acts say
divided former confederacy into 5 military districts
union troops stationed to keep order
states required to ratify 14th amendment to rejoin union
states required to submit a new constitution guaranteeing all men the right to vote
43
when was the tenure of office act
1867
44
what did the tenure office act say and do
required senate approval for president to remove officials appointed by the senate
drafted by radical republicans do trip johnson up
45
what did johnson do when the tenure of office act came out
removes Secretary of war edwin stanton (radical republican appointed by senate)
46
case for impeachment
house of representatives
for violating tenure of office act
weak
fell short one vote of 2/3 majority needed
47
who is after johnson
Grant
48
who nominates grant
radical republicans
49
about grant
little political experience
| war hero
50
what do democrats say about grant's race
threaten blacks against voting republican
51
grant's race
versus horatio seymour
close race
grant wins with help of blacks
52
what was the 15th amendment
right of us citizens to vote won't be denied by race, color, or previous slavery by US or states
53
when was the 15th amendment ratified
1870
54
who drafted the 15th amendment
republicans
55
what do blacks do with new rights
support republican party
get involved in politics
run for political office
56
how many blacks get elected to congress
16
57
who was hiram revels
black man who replaced jefferson davis in the us senate
58
where was hiram revels from
Mississippi
59
what is a carpetbagger
a northern republican taking over government in the south
60
what is a scalawag
southern whites who supported reconstruction
61
what was the republican alliance for
seizing economic and political power in the south
62
what is a terrorist
person who uses fear in the pursuit of political aims
63
who led the KKK
Nathan Bedford Forrest
64
what did they call forrest
grand wizard
65
what was the KKK a response to and what did they want to do
northern imposition of reconstruction
| destroy republican party in south
66
what did the KKK do
frightened black political leaders into submission
murdered politicians and successful blacks
burned homes, schools, and churches
67
how does republican attention shift
from civil rights to economics
68
what was the panic of 1873
economic depression
turned voters against republicans
r
69
what did the panic of 1873 cause
republicans begin to view reconstruction as political burden
70
who were the redeemers
southern democrats who used terrorism to subdue african americans
71
what did the redeemers do
murdered republican voters
72
who called the redeemers that
white southerners
73
what happened in the presidential election of 1876
Democrat Samuel J Tilden won popular vote
Republican Rutherford B Hayes wins by one electoral vote
democrats furious
74
what was the compromise of 1877
democrats accept hayes as president
republicans withdraw federal troops from south
ends reconstruction
75
result of compromise of 1877
reconstruction governments fail
southern states rewrite state constitutions
overturn civil rights reforms
76
what is sharecropping
farmer works a parcel of land in return for a share of the crop, a house, seeds, tools, and a mule
77
about sharecropping
difficult, if not impossible to gain financial independence
cycle of debt
little better than slavery
78
what were southerners pushing for
more diverse economy
| industrial growth
79
who wrote story of a funeral
henry w. grady
80
about grady
editor of atlanta constitution
advocate for new south
thought south too dependent on northern economy
81
what were jim crow laws
designed to enforce separation of the races
82
what were poll taxes
fixed taxes on every voter
83
what were literacy tests
barred those who could not read from voting
84
when was plessy versus ferguson
1896
85
what happened at plessy versus Ferguson
```
homer plessy black bought first class ticket on train for whites, arrested
races ruled separate but equal
```
86
who were middle class african americans
doctors
government workers
teachers
lawyers
87
how much land did african americans in georgia own
400000 acres
88
who was madame c.j. walker
entrepreneur
$1.50 to start
one of the first female millionaires
sold hair products
89
who was booker t. washington
urged blacks to pursue economic independence
| discouraged protesting
90
who was ida b wells
sought to end lynching of blacks
| urged african americans to leave hostile cities
91
how many natives lived west of mississippi river
360000
92
how did the indians live
nomadic, not landowning
93
how did the natives interact with US
negotiated treaties
moved to reservations
some resisted
94
what was the bureau of indian affairs
government agency responsible for managing indian issues
in charge of reservation system
negotiated treates
95
what did the BIA promise
land and yearly supplies for 30 years
96
what did the us do with its treaties
often failed to honor them
97
why didn't natives want to move to reservations
didn't want to give up culture of following buffalo
98
what did america do about indian unrest
sent 20000 us troops, mainly civil war vets, to keep natives on reservations
99
when was the sand creek massacre
1864
100
what happened at the sand creek massacre
cheyenne and arapaho tribes clashed with local militia
flew American flag because wanted peace
when men were out hunting Colonel John M. Chivington attacks, 200 natives killed, mostly men and women
101
about chivington
right and honorable to use any means necessary to kill Indians
102
how did americans feel about chivington
many horrified
103
what brought people to the battle of little bighorn
discovery of gold in the black hills led the government to violate the treaty of fort laramie
104
when was the treaty of fort laramie
1867
105
who led the natives at little bighorn
sitting bull
106
when was sitting bull born
1831
107
who was sitting bull
respected leader among sioux
| led 2500 men, including crazy horse
108
who was the American at little bighorn
general George Armstrong Custer
109
who was custer
popular
110
how many men did custer have
600
111
what happened at bighorn
US forces left with no survivors
| last victory for sioux
112
what was the ghost dance
religious revival among natives where they believed ancestors would be raised from the dead and buffalo would return
113
government's response to ghost dance
wary of rebellion
| massacred sioux natives trying to take their arms away
114
what was the massacre of sioux indians when the US tried to take their arms away called
wounded knee
115
events that ended native resistance
fierce apaches forced onto reservations
geronimo escapes with 75 followers
raids arizona and Mexico
eventually forced to surrender
116
what did the natives lose
500 million acres of land
| most of the buffalo (dead)
117
who was thoc me tony and what did she do
Sarah Winnemucca was a Paiute native who called attention to native problems and asked hayes to allow her people to go home
118
what did hayes say to thoc me tony
yes, but BIA did not follow him
119
what is assimilation
the process by which a person or a group's language and or culture come to resemble those of another group
120
what did the government want with natives
to absorb them into white America
121
what was the Dawes act
required native land to be surveyed
| families received 160 acres of land for farming
122
what did natives do with land from dawes act
many sold it
| many cheated out of allotments of land
123
did any reservations experience prosperity? If so where
yes
new mexico
arizona
navajo
124
what were the three land acts
homestead
pacific railway
merrill
125
what was the homestead act
permits citizens to claim surveyed land up to 160 acres
126
what was the pacific railway act
gave land to railroad companies to develop railroad lines linking the east and west coasts
127
what was the merrill act
17 million acres of federal land given to states to finance agricultural and engineering colleges
128
what was the land grab and when
50000 gathered to race for land
| 1889
129
what did railroad companies do and how
encouraged settlers to move out west
advertised in the eastern us
gave reporters free trips to write articles on western settlement
130
how much land was given to railroads total
225 million acres
131
what main groups were moving west
white americans from east
black americans from south
immigrants
132
what did moving west offer
escape poverty, violence, and persecution
fertile soil
chance to start over
133
what was the america fever
immigrants flock to america to find settlement out west
134
what groups came to america
danes, norwegians, swedes, irish, germans, and Russians
135
how much land was homesteaded on the great plains
80 million acres
136
problems with going out west
lack of water
| built sod and topsoil homes due to lack of wood
137
new farm equipment
self binding harvester
stronger and sharper plows
combine
138
what was a combine
cut wheat, separated it from plant, cleaned grain
139
chores
care of animals
churning butter
plowing fields
collecting harvest
140
how much wheat did one family need
25 tons
141
what was the cattle boom
increased demand for beef in eastern cities
| cattle industry becomes highly profitable
142
how much did one steer cost
$40
143
what was a cowboy
often a civil war vet
| moved cattle from TX to railroads in missouri or kansas
144
what were cowboys' routes called
long drive
145
where did cowboys take their cows
open range for grazing
146
what caused the end of the cattle boom
invention of barbed wire caused an oversaturated market
147
how long was the cattle boom
20 years
148
what was the mining boom
miners raced to strike it rich
| colorado gold rush 1858
149
where is one of the world's largest silver mines
Lomstock Lode nevada
150
what do miners do up north
look for precious metals as far as british columbia
151
what does russia do around this time
sells alaska for 2cents/acre
152
what is discovered in alaska and where
gold in the klondike district
153
what mining camps turned into towns
denver, carson city NV, helena MT
154
what business opportunities were there for miners
clothes
tools
food
155
who need jobs in south
confederate veterans
| free slaves
156
when was columbus's voyage
1492
157
when was the jamestown colony founded
1607
158
when was the declaration of independence signed
July 4, 1776
159
when was the constitution ratified
june 21, 1788
160
when was the louisiana purchase
1803
161
when did the civil war begin
april 12, 1861
162
when did the civil war end
april 9, 1865
