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The 20s Flashcards

1
Q

What is demobilization

A

The process of transition from wartime to peacetime production levels

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2
Q

What did demobilization lead to

A

Social and economic strain

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3
Q

What labor strife

A

Workers go on strike

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4
Q

Example of strike

A

Boston police, 1919

365000 steel workers

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5
Q

Support for unions

A

Very little public

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6
Q

What was the red scare

A

Anti communist hysteria during 1919-1920

People terrified communism takes hold in US

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7
Q

Set off red scare

A

1917 Bolshevik Revolution Russia

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8
Q

About Bolshevik Revolution

A

Vladimir Lenin established communist government

Encouraged worldwide revolutions to overthrow capitalism and free enterprise

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9
Q

What is Marxism in US

A

Socialist party

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10
Q

Who started the socialist party

A

Eugene v debs

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11
Q

About debs

A

Ran for president 5 times

Hoped for peaceful transition to socialism, not revolution

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12
Q

American reaction to strikes

A

All radicals and labor activists as Bolshevik agents (reds)

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13
Q

About Palmer raids

A

36 bombs discovered in mail to prominent citizens
Palmer led raids after bomb damaged his home
Thousands arrested - mostly poor immigrants
3 pistols taken
Hundreds deported

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14
Q

Palmer

A

Attorney general a Mitchell Palmer

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15
Q

When did fears die down

A

Summer of 1920

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16
Q

Who were Sacco and Vanzetti

A 
Italian immigrants
Nicola Sacco and Bartolommeo Vanzetti
Radicals
Anarchists
Accused of murder
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17
Q

Sacco and Vanzetti trial

A

Judge Webster Thayer dislike radicals
Executed without evidence
Led to international outrage

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18
Q

1920 election

A

Warren G Harding won - republican

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19
Q

What did Harding promise

A

Return to normalcy
Pro-business
Less government in business and more business in government
Reduce national debt
Promote economic growth
Lower taxes for rich, more money available for investment

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20
Q

What is trickle down economics

A

Political, not economic

Lower taxes for rich, more money available for investment

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21
Q

What is the equal rights amendment

A

Mean and women in US and its jurisdiction should have equal rights

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22
Q

Who opposed ERA

A

Women’s bureau - wanted special treatment for working hours and conditions

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23
Q

Result of ERA

A

Failed

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24
Q

Harding’s scandals

A

Corrupt cabinet

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25
Who were harding's cabinet
The Ohio gang Used connections to enrich themselves Harding feared them more than his enemies
26
What happened to Harding
Died 8/2/1923 from heart attack
27
Coolidge's campaign slogan
Keep cool with Coolidge
28
How did Coolidge come to office
Harding's Vice President | Won 1924 election
29
Coolidge's nickname
Silent cal
30
What happened in 1928 election
Coolidge didn't run | Herbert Hoover - republican won with 58% of popular vote
31
Why didn't Coolidge rerun
Presidency is burdensome
32
Hoover's reputation and hopes
Administrative skill. And efficiency | Hoped for poverty to leave (1928)
33
What was the great migration
Massive movement of African Americans from south to north for jobs and less discrimination
34
Where did african Americans move
Detroit NYC Chicago
35
What were the Chicago race riots
Police refused to arrest white man who accidentally killed a young black boy 38 killed, 537 injured
36
How many riots in 1919, and what happened
25 Homes burned Lychings
37
What is a lynching
Mob hangs someone for an alleged crime without trial
38
Where and by whom was the KKK reestablished
Georgia | William Joseph Simmons
39
Why did the KKK resurface
Red scare caused membership to soar
40
What did the KKK do
Terrorized blacks and immigrants by kidnapping, beating, and lynching
41
How many KKK in mid 20s
5 million
42
How many KKK 1930
9000
43
What was the national association for the advancement of colored people
Organization working to stop violence against African Americans Anti-lynching campaigns Pressured law enforcement
44
What was the crisis
NAACP journal Printed lynching statistics Details of atrocities
45
What was Pan Africanist
Black nationalism | Movement to create country for African Americans in Africa
46
Immigration restrictions
1921 - 3% for each nationality already in the country Asians banned Quota reduced to 2% in 1924
47
Why immigration restrictions
Americans fear immigrants are overrunning the country 1920 - 25% of population foreign born KKK encourages nativist sentiment
48
Mexican American immigration
``` Restrictions did not apply Needed to run southwestern farms 500000 immigrants in the 20s Worked for lower rates Most went to Los Angeles, San Antonio, and El Paso Established family networks ```
49
The American mafia
La Cosa Nostra Originated in Sicily Criminal organization using violent coercion and exploitation to fund its operations Code of omertà pledged by inductees
50
What is omertà
Oath of loyalty pledged to a particular family
51
How does a mobster make money
Prostitution Bootlegging Racketeering
52
What is bootlegging
Illegal sale of alcohol | Transporting and distributing alcohol illegally
53
What is racketeering
Organized extortion of money, often with the apparent willingness of the victims, by the use of threats, force, or violence
54
1919 World Series
Black sox Mob fixed game Players conspired to lose on purpose so gangsters could win Arnold Rothstein - the big bankroll - mastermind
55
Prosperity of 20s
Boom times Purchasing power increased 32% Electrical appliances
56
New electronics
Radio Sewing machine Washing machine
57
Biggest business
Cars
58
How many employees in cars 1929
1 million
59
What is scientific management
Work broken down into series of smaller tasks to increase productivity Lower cost for products
60
Henry ford
Developed Detroit assembly line Model t Shortened work day and raised wages Ford English school
61
What is an assembly line
Workers assemble sections of a car on a conveyor belt
62
What is the model t
Low cost automobile
63
When was the model t
1908
64
How much was the model t
$290
65
Ford's improvements
8 hour workdays | $5 a day
66
What does the inexpensive car do
``` Revolutionizes travel Replaces horse-drawn vehicles Trains and trolleys lose business 400000 miles of road built in the 20s New businesses Auto tourism ```
67
New businesses
Billboards Drive-in restaurants Gas stations
68
Auto-tourism
Camping and sight seeing | With shorter work hours and more money and cars - more leisure time
69
What is a consumer
Preston who purchases goods and services for personal use
70
Who is Alfred p. Sloan
Owner of GM Designed expensive cars Creates increased demand for luxury and comfort Offered installment plan
71
What is an installment plan
Consumers pay for cars over time | Credit increases
72
What do manufacturers begin to do
Planned obsolescence
73
What is planned obsolescence
Made products designed to go out of style then replaced them with up to date models
74
New entertainment of 20s
Radio and movies
75
Radio
20 million homes by 1929 | Church services,news, music, sports
76
Bank's closed
No making out
77
Hoofer
Dancer
78
Nifty
Great
79
Moll
Gangster's girl
80
Hard boiled
Tough
81
Hit on all sixes
Working hard
82
What was the 18th amendment
Prohibition 1919
83
About prohibition
Unpopular Ignored in cities Alcoholism and alcohol related deaths reduced Negative results drew more attention
84
What is a speakeasy
Club or bar where liquor was sold illegally
85
Important things of the 20s
``` Immigration Red scare Prohibition Race relations Scopes monkey trial ```
86
What did Capone do
Ruled Chicago's underworld Violently dismantled opposing gangs Valentine's Day massacre
87
Valentine's Day massacre
7 enemy gangsters killed
88
Untouchables
Young federal detectives led by Eliot ness Enforced prohibition Caught Capone 1931 for tax evasion
89
What did young Americans do
Reject values of their parents
90
New woman
``` Popularized by magazines and movies Shorter skirts Shorter hair Independent Career minded Flappers ```
91
Jazz age
1920s gained a following African Americans in the south started it Big brass bands West African rhythms, spirituals, and ragtime with European instruments
92
Harlem Renaissance
African Americans express a growing pride in their heritage | Cultural center of African American life - flourishing artistic development
93
Langston Hughes
Writer
94
Musicians
Chick Webb
95
Jacob Lawrence
Artist | Migration of the negro 1940-1941
96
Fundamentalism
Christian doctrine should be accepted without question, literal interpretation of scripture Attacked liberal acceptance of modern science
97
John scopes
Teacher from Dayton, TN | Accepted offer by ACLU to test constitutionality of TN law outlawing evolution in public schools
98
Scopes trial
Judge raulson refused scientific testimony William Jennings Bryan (prosecution) argued evolution contradicted religion Clarence Darrow - defense - attacked law as threat to free expression Used Bryan as biblical expert Revealed inconsistencies with literal interpretations
99
Verdict of scopes trial
Guilty $100 fine Fundamentalist Pyrrhic victory (huge cost) Bryan and fundamentalists portrayed negatively

US History (13 decks)

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