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US History > The 20s > Flashcards

The 20s Flashcards

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1
Q

What is demobilization

A

The process of transition from wartime to peacetime production levels

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2
Q

What did demobilization lead to

A

Social and economic strain

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3
Q

What labor strife

A

Workers go on strike

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4
Q

Example of strike

A

Boston police, 1919

365000 steel workers

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5
Q

Support for unions

A

Very little public

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6
Q

What was the red scare

A

Anti communist hysteria during 1919-1920

People terrified communism takes hold in US

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7
Q

Set off red scare

A

1917 Bolshevik Revolution Russia

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8
Q

About Bolshevik Revolution

A

Vladimir Lenin established communist government

Encouraged worldwide revolutions to overthrow capitalism and free enterprise

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9
Q

What is Marxism in US

A

Socialist party

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10
Q

Who started the socialist party

A

Eugene v debs

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11
Q

About debs

A

Ran for president 5 times

Hoped for peaceful transition to socialism, not revolution

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12
Q

American reaction to strikes

A

All radicals and labor activists as Bolshevik agents (reds)

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13
Q

About Palmer raids

A

36 bombs discovered in mail to prominent citizens
Palmer led raids after bomb damaged his home
Thousands arrested - mostly poor immigrants
3 pistols taken
Hundreds deported

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14
Q

Palmer

A

Attorney general a Mitchell Palmer

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15
Q

When did fears die down

A

Summer of 1920

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16
Q

Who were Sacco and Vanzetti

A 
Italian immigrants
Nicola Sacco and Bartolommeo Vanzetti
Radicals
Anarchists
Accused of murder
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17
Q

Sacco and Vanzetti trial

A

Judge Webster Thayer dislike radicals
Executed without evidence
Led to international outrage

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18
Q

1920 election

A

Warren G Harding won - republican

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19
Q

What did Harding promise

A

Return to normalcy
Pro-business
Less government in business and more business in government
Reduce national debt
Promote economic growth
Lower taxes for rich, more money available for investment

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20
Q

What is trickle down economics

A

Political, not economic

Lower taxes for rich, more money available for investment

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21
Q

What is the equal rights amendment

A

Mean and women in US and its jurisdiction should have equal rights

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22
Q

Who opposed ERA

A

Women’s bureau - wanted special treatment for working hours and conditions

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23
Q

Result of ERA

A

Failed

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24
Q

Harding’s scandals

A

Corrupt cabinet

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25
Q

Who were harding’s cabinet

A

The Ohio gang
Used connections to enrich themselves
Harding feared them more than his enemies

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26
Q

What happened to Harding

A

Died 8/2/1923 from heart attack

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27
Q

Coolidge’s campaign slogan

A

Keep cool with Coolidge

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28
Q

How did Coolidge come to office

A

Harding’s Vice President

Won 1924 election

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29
Q

Coolidge’s nickname

A

Silent cal

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30
Q

What happened in 1928 election

A

Coolidge didn’t run

Herbert Hoover - republican won with 58% of popular vote

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31
Q

Why didn’t Coolidge rerun

A

Presidency is burdensome

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32
Q

Hoover’s reputation and hopes

A

Administrative skill. And efficiency

Hoped for poverty to leave (1928)

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33
Q

What was the great migration

A

Massive movement of African Americans from south to north for jobs and less discrimination

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34
Q

Where did african Americans move

A

Detroit
NYC
Chicago

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35
Q

What were the Chicago race riots

A

Police refused to arrest white man who accidentally killed a young black boy
38 killed, 537 injured

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36
Q

How many riots in 1919, and what happened

A

25
Homes burned
Lychings

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37
Q

What is a lynching

A

Mob hangs someone for an alleged crime without trial

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38
Q

Where and by whom was the KKK reestablished

A

Georgia

William Joseph Simmons

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39
Q

Why did the KKK resurface

A

Red scare caused membership to soar

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40
Q

What did the KKK do

A

Terrorized blacks and immigrants by kidnapping, beating, and lynching

41
Q

How many KKK in mid 20s

A

5 million

42
Q

How many KKK 1930

A

9000

43
Q

What was the national association for the advancement of colored people

A

Organization working to stop violence against African Americans
Anti-lynching campaigns
Pressured law enforcement

44
Q

What was the crisis

A

NAACP journal
Printed lynching statistics
Details of atrocities

45
Q

What was Pan Africanist

A

Black nationalism

Movement to create country for African Americans in Africa

46
Q

Immigration restrictions

A

1921 - 3% for each nationality already in the country
Asians banned
Quota reduced to 2% in 1924

47
Q

Why immigration restrictions

A

Americans fear immigrants are overrunning the country
1920 - 25% of population foreign born
KKK encourages nativist sentiment

48
Q

Mexican American immigration

A 
Restrictions did not apply
Needed to run southwestern farms
500000 immigrants in the 20s
Worked for lower rates
Most went to Los Angeles, San Antonio, and El Paso
Established family networks
49
Q

The American mafia

A

La Cosa Nostra
Originated in Sicily
Criminal organization using violent coercion and exploitation to fund its operations
Code of omertà pledged by inductees

50
Q

What is omertà

A

Oath of loyalty pledged to a particular family

51
Q

How does a mobster make money

A

Prostitution
Bootlegging
Racketeering

52
Q

What is bootlegging

A

Illegal sale of alcohol

Transporting and distributing alcohol illegally

53
Q

What is racketeering

A

Organized extortion of money, often with the apparent willingness of the victims, by the use of threats, force, or violence

54
Q

1919 World Series

A

Black sox
Mob fixed game
Players conspired to lose on purpose so gangsters could win
Arnold Rothstein - the big bankroll - mastermind

55
Q

Prosperity of 20s

A

Boom times
Purchasing power increased 32%
Electrical appliances

56
Q

New electronics

A

Radio
Sewing machine
Washing machine

57
Q

Biggest business

A

Cars

58
Q

How many employees in cars 1929

A

1 million

59
Q

What is scientific management

A

Work broken down into series of smaller tasks to increase productivity
Lower cost for products

60
Q

Henry ford

A

Developed Detroit assembly line
Model t
Shortened work day and raised wages
Ford English school

61
Q

What is an assembly line

A

Workers assemble sections of a car on a conveyor belt

62
Q

What is the model t

A

Low cost automobile

63
Q

When was the model t

A

1908

64
Q

How much was the model t

A

$290

65
Q

Ford’s improvements

A

8 hour workdays

$5 a day

66
Q

What does the inexpensive car do

A 
Revolutionizes travel
Replaces horse-drawn vehicles
Trains and trolleys lose business
400000 miles of road built in the 20s
New businesses
Auto tourism
67
Q

New businesses

A

Billboards
Drive-in restaurants
Gas stations

68
Q

Auto-tourism

A

Camping and sight seeing

With shorter work hours and more money and cars - more leisure time

69
Q

What is a consumer

A

Preston who purchases goods and services for personal use

70
Q

Who is Alfred p. Sloan

A

Owner of GM
Designed expensive cars
Creates increased demand for luxury and comfort
Offered installment plan

71
Q

What is an installment plan

A

Consumers pay for cars over time

Credit increases

72
Q

What do manufacturers begin to do

A

Planned obsolescence

73
Q

What is planned obsolescence

A

Made products designed to go out of style then replaced them with up to date models

74
Q

New entertainment of 20s

A

Radio and movies

75
Q

Radio

A

20 million homes by 1929

Church services,news, music, sports

76
Q

Bank’s closed

A

No making out

77
Q

Hoofer

A

Dancer

78
Q

Nifty

A

Great

79
Q

Moll

A

Gangster’s girl

80
Q

Hard boiled

A

Tough

81
Q

Hit on all sixes

A

Working hard

82
Q

What was the 18th amendment

A

Prohibition 1919

83
Q

About prohibition

A

Unpopular
Ignored in cities
Alcoholism and alcohol related deaths reduced
Negative results drew more attention

84
Q

What is a speakeasy

A

Club or bar where liquor was sold illegally

85
Q

Important things of the 20s

A 
Immigration
Red scare
Prohibition
Race relations
Scopes monkey trial
86
Q

What did Capone do

A

Ruled Chicago’s underworld
Violently dismantled opposing gangs
Valentine’s Day massacre

87
Q

Valentine’s Day massacre

A

7 enemy gangsters killed

88
Q

Untouchables

A

Young federal detectives led by Eliot ness
Enforced prohibition
Caught Capone 1931 for tax evasion

89
Q

What did young Americans do

A

Reject values of their parents

90
Q

New woman

A 
Popularized by magazines and movies
Shorter skirts
Shorter hair
Independent
Career minded
Flappers
91
Q

Jazz age

A

1920s gained a following
African Americans in the south started it
Big brass bands
West African rhythms, spirituals, and ragtime with European instruments

92
Q

Harlem Renaissance

A

African Americans express a growing pride in their heritage

Cultural center of African American life - flourishing artistic development

93
Q

Langston Hughes

A

Writer

94
Q

Musicians

A

Chick Webb

95
Q

Jacob Lawrence

A

Artist

Migration of the negro 1940-1941

96
Q

Fundamentalism

A

Christian doctrine should be accepted without question, literal interpretation of scripture
Attacked liberal acceptance of modern science

97
Q

John scopes

A

Teacher from Dayton, TN

Accepted offer by ACLU to test constitutionality of TN law outlawing evolution in public schools

98
Q

Scopes trial

A

Judge raulson refused scientific testimony
William Jennings Bryan (prosecution) argued evolution contradicted religion
Clarence Darrow - defense - attacked law as threat to free expression
Used Bryan as biblical expert
Revealed inconsistencies with literal interpretations

99
Q

Verdict of scopes trial

A

Guilty
$100 fine
Fundamentalist Pyrrhic victory (huge cost)
Bryan and fundamentalists portrayed negatively

US History (13 decks)

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