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US History > Unit 2 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

what was wrong with the articles of confederation

A

no teeth

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2
Q

why were the articles so weak

A

fear of parliament lingered

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3
Q

the articles of confederation gave the government no power to

A

levy taxes

enforce resolutions

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4
Q

how was the government supposed to get money

A

had to request states for taxes

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5
Q

what did the government have to do to amend the articles

A

get unanimous approval

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6
Q

what caused Shay’s rebellion

A

Massachusetts raises taxes to pay off war debt

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7
Q

who did the new taxes in MA affect

A

the farmers

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8
Q

who led the rebellion

A

Captain Daniel Shay

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9
Q

who was shay

A

revolutionary war veteran

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10
Q

what did shay do

A

led 1200 disgruntled farmers

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11
Q

result of shay’s rebellion

A

defeated in 1 battle

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12
Q

what did shay’s rebellion do

A

convinced many politicians of the need for stronger government

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13
Q

Who led the Constitutional convention

A

George washington

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14
Q

how long was the Constitutional convention working

A

4 months

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15
Q

what did the constitutional convention decide

A

government derives its just power from the people
people must have a voice in government
there was a need for checks and balances

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16
Q

three branches of government

A

legislative
executive
judicial

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17
Q

what is the legislative branch

A

congress

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18
Q

what does the legislative branch do

A

makes laws

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19
Q

how was the legislative branch divided

A

lower house and upper house

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20
Q

what is the lower house

A

house of representatives

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21
Q

what is the upper house

A

senate

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22
Q

significance of house of representatives

A

closest to the voters - based on population

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23
Q

significance of senate

A

protection against majority rule - 2 per state

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24
Q

what is the executive branch

A

president

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25
Q

what is the executive branch comprised of

A

1 man - chief executive

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26
Q

what does the executive branch do

A

executes and carries out laws

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27
Q

what is the judicial branch

A

supreme court

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28
Q

what does the judicial branch do

A

oversaw federal court cases

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29
Q

When was the constitution signed

A

17 Sep 1787

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30
Q

when was the constitution ratified

A

21 June 1788

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31
Q

what does ratified mean

A

put into effect

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32
Q

Who was the first president

A

George Washington

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33
Q

How was he elected

A

unanimously

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34
Q

Washington’s party

A

did not like parties

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35
Q

what standard did Washington set

A

reluctantly accepting presidency

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36
Q

what do people do now to become president

A

tear people down

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37
Q

what two things did Washington do during his presidency

A

put down the Whiskey Rebellion

remained neutral during the French Revolution

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38
Q

Who was the second president

A

John Adams

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39
Q

Adams party

A

federalist

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40
Q

what did adams pass

A

alien and sedition acts

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41
Q

what did the alien and sedition acts do

A

limited rights of immigrants

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42
Q

other significant thing about adams

A

midnight appointments

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43
Q

what was his key midnight appointment

A

chief justice John Marshall

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44
Q

third president

A

thomas jefferson

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45
Q

Jefferson and the military

A

cut down expenses

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46
Q

jefferson and taxes

A

reduced taxes

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47
Q

jefferson’s dream

A

agrarian utopia

wanted everyone to be farmers

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48
Q

points about jefferson’s agrarian utopia

A

slavery

people with big farms

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49
Q

Big point in Jefferson’s presidency

A

Louisiana purchase

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50
Q

about the Louisiana purchase

A

unconstitutional

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51
Q

what happened in the Louisiana Purchase

A

the Lewis and Clark expedition

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52
Q

When was the Louisiana Purchase

A

1803

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53
Q

Why did Jefferson want the Louisiana Purchase

A

New Orleans

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54
Q

significance of New Orleans

A

mouth of Mississippi River

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55
Q

Why did Napoleon sell?

A

needed money

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56
Q

How much was the Louisiana purchase

A

fifteen million

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57
Q

what did Meriwether Lewis and William Clark do

A

traveled up the missouri river from Saint Louis to the Pacific Ocean

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58
Q

causes of War of 1812

A

British forcing American sailors to serve in British navy
native uprising suspected of being helped by the British
Americans wanted respect

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59
Q

the native uprising around the war of 1812

A

Tecumseh led an uprising that was put down by General William Henry Harrison

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60
Q

Who declared the war of 1812

A

Congress, urged by President Madison

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61
Q

What did the British do in the war of 1812

A

burned down Washington

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62
Q

Result of war of 1812

A

undecided

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63
Q

key battle in war of 1812 with result

A

General Andrew Jackson won the Battle of New Orleans

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64
Q

What caused the Monroe Doctrine

A

Spain’s Latin American colonies declare independence and US recognizes new republics

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65
Q

When was the Monroe doctrine

A

1823

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66
Q

what did the monroe doctrine say

A

the US would oppose any European attempt to regain former Latin American colonies or establish new ones in the Western Hemisphere

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67
Q

What is Jacksonian democracy

A

do what he thinks, no matter what others think

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68
Q

who was Andrew Jackson

A

war hero of the War of 1812

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69
Q

describe Jackson

A

man of the people

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70
Q

what Jackson did

A

threw parties

vetoed the rechartering of the second national bank

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71
Q

irony of Jackson’s view on currency

A

his face is on currency

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72
Q

nickname for Jackson

A

tough Old Hickory

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73
Q

what happened in the Trail of Tears

A

Jackson ignored old treaties
Cherokees forced out west
4000 died

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74
Q

Northern economy

A

industrial

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75
Q

where was industry before the revolution

A

england

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76
Q

southern economy

A

primarily agricultural

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77
Q

what was happening to northern industry

A

factories shifting from hand-powered to machine powered

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78
Q

key product of northern industry

A

clothing

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79
Q

about clothing

A

machine powered looms

mechanical advantage

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80
Q

what did the industrial north do to farming

A

made it easier

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81
Q

why did unions form

A

disgruntled factory workers

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82
Q

what did factory workers want

A

shorter work days and higher wages

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83
Q

strategy to get requests in factories

A

striking

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84
Q

what is striking

A

refusal to work until employers meet demands

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85
Q

who invented the cotton gin

A

Eli Whitney

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86
Q

when was the cotton gin invented

A

1793

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87
Q

nickname for south

A

cotton kingdom

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88
Q

where else could cotton be found

A

Egypt and India

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89
Q

Cotton as a US export

A

over one half of all exports

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90
Q

when was cotton huge

A

1815-1860

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91
Q

which is better for economy, exports or imports

A

exports

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92
Q

who owned slaves in the south

A

one in four families

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93
Q

what could free blacks not do

A

vote

testify against whites

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94
Q

how many slaves lived on plantations and farms

A

75%

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95
Q

what was the underground railroad

A

network of white and African American people who helped escaped slaves reach the North

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96
Q

who was a key figure in the underground railroad

A

Harriet Tubman

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97
Q

Tubman’s nickname

A

black moses

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98
Q

tubman stats

A

19 trips, 300 slaves freed

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99
Q

what is the biggest fear of a plantation owner

A

uprising of slaves

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100
Q

what did plantation owners do to avoid uprising

A

used fear

101
Q

what was the second great awakening

A

renewed and powerful interest in religion

102
Q

when was the second great awakening

A

1790s

103
Q

where was the second great awakening

A

spreading westward out of New York

104
Q

what did the second great awakening look like

A

huge gatherings

105
Q

what was the temperance movement

A

limited alcohol consumption

106
Q

three parts of second great awakening

A

religion
temperance
education

107
Q

what happened to education during second great awakening

A

free public schools

108
Q

two key figures of the restoration movement

A

Barton Stone and Thomas Campbell

109
Q

who was Barton Stone

A

Presbyterian preacher

110
Q

what did Stone disagree with

A

predestination and creeds

111
Q

what did stone do

A

started a Christian reform movement based solely upon scripture

112
Q

Who was Thomas Campbell

A

former presbyterian minister

113
Q

what did thomas campbell do

A

called for complete restoration of apostolic Christianity

114
Q

what does apostolic mean

A

relating to the Apostles and their example

115
Q

what was the restoration movement

A

reform movement led to the formation of the Churches of Christ as well as other denominations

116
Q

when was slavery abolished in most northern states

A

early 1800s

117
Q

what is an abolitionist

A

someone who believed slavery should be outlawed

118
Q

who was Frederick Douglass

A

escaped slave

119
Q

what did Douglass do

A

gave speeches about his life

120
Q

who was Sojourner Truth

A

fought for abolition and women’s rights

121
Q

What was Truth’s big speech

A

Ain’t I a woman

122
Q

Who coined the phrase manifest destiny

A

John O’Sullivan

123
Q

who was John O’Sullivan

A

magazine writer

124
Q

what is manifest destiny

A

sea to shining sea

the belief that God intended the US to expand west to the Pacific Ocean

125
Q

benefits of expansion

A

lessen population pressures
create new markets
expand farmland

126
Q

When did Texas gain independence from Mexico

A

1836

127
Q

When did Polk agree to annex Texas

A

1844

128
Q

What happened in the Mexican American War

A

Mexican forces attack US troops near disputed border

American soldiers capture Mexico City in 1847

129
Q

What did the treaty to end the Mexican American war do

A

gave US new territories

US paid

130
Q

what territories did the US gain in the Mexican American war

A

California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Wyoming

131
Q

how much did the US pay in the Mexican American war

A

fifteen million

132
Q

what was the result of Mexican American war

A

Mexico’s conditional surrender

133
Q

What happened in 1849

A

Americans flock West in the gold Rush

134
Q

what was the gain of Western lands called

A

Mexican cession

135
Q

first Congress debate on slavery

A

should new territories be slave or free

136
Q

what was decided for some states

A

popular sovereignty

137
Q

what is popular sovereignty

A

allowed citizens of new territories to vote whether to permit slavery

138
Q

what was the compromise of 1850

A

abolished the trade of slaves but not slavery itself

instituted stricter slave laws

139
Q

what did the compromise of 1850 do for slave laws

A

escaped slaves are required to be returned to their owners

140
Q

why did the war start

A

Southern states feared the abolition of slavery and threatened succession

141
Q

When was Lincoln elected

A

1860

142
Q

Lincoln’s policy

A

refused to allow expansion of slavery

143
Q

what happened when Lincoln elected and why

A

Southern states seceded, thinking Lincoln an abolitionist

144
Q

First state to secede

A

South Carolina

145
Q

Second round of states to secede

A

Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Texas

146
Q

what were the seceded states called

A

confederate states of America

147
Q

nicknames for civil war

A

Iliad
our holocaust
our nation’s greatest defining moment

148
Q

What was the first form of government?

A

the articles of confederation

149
Q

how many military dead

A

655670

150
Q

civil war deaths compared to other wars

A

more than all the others combined

151
Q

casualties

A

1,127,,,000

152
Q

what else did the civil war destroy

A

culture, livelihood, and civilization

153
Q

what did the civil war

A

Union forever established

154
Q

Why did south threaten to secede

A

believed Lincoln an abolitionist

155
Q

how did Lincoln win

A

even though he wasn’t on the southern ballots

156
Q

who proposed the Crittenden compromise

A

Kentucky senator John Crittenden

157
Q

points of crittenden compromise

A

constitutional amendment guaranteeing slavery in the south
redraw missouri compromise line, guaranteeing slavery south of the line all the way to the pacific
broaden fugitive slave law; federal government to pay for any slave not returned

158
Q

what was lincoln’s stance on the crittenden compromise

A

okayed everything but letting slavery expand west

159
Q

What was the south’s response to lincoln’s response to the crittenden compromise

A

they wanted everything, so they got nothing

160
Q

what number president was lincoln

A

16th

161
Q

when was Lincoln born

A

february 12, 1809

162
Q

lincoln’s education

A

third grade formal
self educated
avid reader
taught himself to be a lawyer

163
Q

how tall was lincoln

A

6 4

164
Q

how tall was lincoln with his top hat

A

6 10

165
Q

about lincoln

A

loved practical jokes, but wasn’t cruel

told long stories to explain

166
Q

story of duel

A

broadswords, opponent surrendered because of his long reach

167
Q

about beard

A

grew beard because of a letter from 11 year old Grace Bedell

168
Q

Why was Jefferson Davis important

A

famous in the south because he fought in the Mexican American War

169
Q

where did davis study

A

west point

170
Q

davis’s wife

A

zachary Taylor’s daughter

171
Q

Davis’s background

A

mississippi senator

172
Q

davis’s opinion on secession

A

against it

173
Q

what did davis do

A

president of confederate states of america

174
Q

first capitol of csa

A

Richmond

175
Q

second capital of CSA

A

Montgomery

176
Q

what was fort sumter

A

union fort in South Carolina

177
Q

who was in charge of fort sumter

A

union major anderson

178
Q

who besieged fort sumter

A

general beauregard

179
Q

who was beauregard

A

fire eater

student of anderson

180
Q

when was the siege of fort sumter

A

april 12-14 1861

181
Q

what was siege

A

south carolina governor would not let Lincoln bring in supplies

182
Q

result of fort sumter siege

A

one casualty - cannon exploded into someone at the surrender ceremony

183
Q

lincoln’s response to fort sumter

A

rebellion

calls for 75000 militia to serve 90 days

184
Q

what did robert e lee do to earn fame

A

fought in the mexican american war
second in class at west point
never received a demerit
considered the perfect soldier

185
Q

who was the highest union general

A

Winfield Scott

186
Q

what does scott offer lee

A

command of all union forces

187
Q

what was lee’s answer to scott

A

no because he’s from virginia

188
Q

when did Virginia secede

A

april 17, 1861

189
Q

pros of north

A 
high population
90% of manufacturing
2/3 of all railroads
majority of strategic ore deposits
naval fleet
190
Q

population of north

A

22 million
11 million males
8-9 million fighters

191
Q

cons of north

A

poorly led military
invading unknown territory
war unpopular

192
Q

pros of south

A 
clear purpose
strong military tradition
better leadership
new territory
supportive population
193
Q

about south’s strong military tradition

A

many fought in the mexican american war

194
Q

cons of south

A 
low population
little manufacturing
few railroads
you can't eat cotton
government was a confederacy
195
Q

population of north

A
  1. 2 million

3. 9 million slaves

196
Q

what happened because there were few railroads

A

shoes wore out

197
Q

why were there not enough edible crops

A

farms refused to grow anything but traditional cotton

198
Q

what was the problem with a confederacy

A

had no teeth

199
Q

first battle with two armies facing off

A

first battle of manassas

battle of bull run

200
Q

what happened at bull run

A

citizens show up to watch and clog the roads

union forced to retreat

201
Q

key players at bull run

A

Beauregard leading CSA
Thomas Jackson stands his ground - stone wall
Bernard Bee tries to corner him
General McDowell is forced to retreat

202
Q

what was the rebel yell and when was it coined

A

bull run

yell like furies while charging with bayonets

203
Q

beauregard’s failure at bull run

A

doesn’t pursue, failed to use momentum to take the clear path to dc

204
Q

when was Shiloh

A

april 6-7, 1862

205
Q

what is shiloh

A

first major battle

206
Q

what happens at shiloh

A

CSA near corinth mississippi commanded by Johnston
Beauregard leads surprise attack, but CSA stops to eat Union breakfast
Grant turns around reinforced by Buell and counter attacks

207
Q

how many CSA at shiloh

A

45000

208
Q

how many men did Grant have

A

65000

209
Q

what does beauregard do after shiloh

A

burns corinth and gets demoted

210
Q

how many fought at shiloh

A

100000

211
Q

union casualties at shiloh

A

13047

212
Q

confederate casualties at shiloh

A

10694

213
Q

result of shiloh

A

union victory
CSA lost corinth
Davis furious

214
Q

nicknames of grant

A

unconditional surrender

butcher

215
Q

grant’s unconditional surrender

A

you surrender or I destroy you

216
Q

why called butcher grant

A

too flippant with lives of troops at Shiloh

217
Q

grant’s struggle

A

depressed and drunk

218
Q

result of grant’s drunkenness

A

relieved of command

plans to resign, but sherman talks him out of it

219
Q

when does lee assume command of CSA

A

june 1st 1862

220
Q

what force did lee lead

A

army of northern virginia

221
Q

why did lee invade the north

A

hoping for a big victory to gain british and french support

222
Q

what happens when lee invades north

A

drives mcclellan back

223
Q

about mclellan

A

army of potomac
full of self
only fights when he has overwhelming numbers
incapable

224
Q

two key songs of this era

A

battle hymn of the republic

aura lee

225
Q

about the battle hymn of the republic

A

by julia ward howe

not played in union until after war even though it was Lincoln’s favorite

226
Q

what is the emancipation proclamation

A

slaves freed in rebel states

227
Q

when was the emancipation proclamation written

A

jan 1, 1863

228
Q

what did the emancipation proclamation do

A

abolition became goal of Union war effort

gave civilians purpose to fight

229
Q

when did slavery end

A

thirteenth amendment

230
Q

when was gettysburg

A

july 1-3, 1863

231
Q

gettysburg forces

A

CSA - 89000

USA - 122000

232
Q

leader of CSA at gettysburg

A

lee

233
Q

leader of USA at gettysburg

A

meade

234
Q

significance of number of soldiers at Gettysburg

A

USA force largest force in american history

235
Q

why is lee in gettysburg

A

looking for shoes at a factory in gettysburg

236
Q

how much of the union was in gettysburg

A

the whole army

237
Q

what happens at gettysburg

A

meade takes up defensive high ground

lee orders full assault - pickett’s charge

238
Q

where does meade camp

A

cemetary hill

239
Q

when is the full charge at gettysburg

A

july 3

240
Q

what was picket’s charge

A

15000 marched across 0.75 mile open ground

90% men lost

241
Q

effect from gettysburg

A

csa army dwindles
union victory
south goes on defensive

242
Q

grant at the end of the war

A

relentless
takes army of potomac
determined to pursue and defeat lee at all costs
bulldog

243
Q

when did grant take the army of the potomac

A

may 1864

244
Q

what dis herman do

A 
william tecumseh sherman 
total war
make georgia howl
burned atlanta
gave savannah georgia to lincoln as a christmas gift
march to the sea
245
Q

what happens before appomatox

A

lee dismissed proposals to scatter troops to wage guerrilla warfare
agrees to surrender

246
Q

when did the civil war end

A

april 9, 1865

247
Q

at appomattox

A

gen joshua chamberlain orders union soldiers to salute CSA men as they march by and they salute back

248
Q

why did the south lose

A

overwhelming numbers and resources

US History (13 decks)

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