Unit 2 Flashcards
1
Q
what was wrong with the articles of confederation
A
no teeth
2
Q
why were the articles so weak
A
fear of parliament lingered
3
Q
the articles of confederation gave the government no power to
A
levy taxes
enforce resolutions
4
Q
how was the government supposed to get money
A
had to request states for taxes
5
Q
what did the government have to do to amend the articles
A
get unanimous approval
6
Q
what caused Shay’s rebellion
A
Massachusetts raises taxes to pay off war debt
7
Q
who did the new taxes in MA affect
A
the farmers
8
Q
who led the rebellion
A
Captain Daniel Shay
9
Q
who was shay
A
revolutionary war veteran
10
Q
what did shay do
A
led 1200 disgruntled farmers
11
Q
result of shay’s rebellion
A
defeated in 1 battle
12
Q
what did shay’s rebellion do
A
convinced many politicians of the need for stronger government
13
Q
Who led the Constitutional convention
A
George washington
14
Q
how long was the Constitutional convention working
A
4 months
15
Q
what did the constitutional convention decide
A
government derives its just power from the people
people must have a voice in government
there was a need for checks and balances
16
Q
three branches of government
A
legislative
executive
judicial
17
Q
what is the legislative branch
A
congress
18
Q
what does the legislative branch do
A
makes laws
19
Q
how was the legislative branch divided
A
lower house and upper house
20
Q
what is the lower house
A
house of representatives
21
Q
what is the upper house
A
senate
22
Q
significance of house of representatives
A
closest to the voters - based on population
23
Q
significance of senate
A
protection against majority rule - 2 per state
24
Q
what is the executive branch
A
president
25
what is the executive branch comprised of
1 man - chief executive
26
what does the executive branch do
executes and carries out laws
27
what is the judicial branch
supreme court
28
what does the judicial branch do
oversaw federal court cases
29
When was the constitution signed
17 Sep 1787
30
when was the constitution ratified
21 June 1788
31
what does ratified mean
put into effect
32
Who was the first president
George Washington
33
How was he elected
unanimously
34
Washington's party
did not like parties
35
what standard did Washington set
reluctantly accepting presidency
36
what do people do now to become president
tear people down
37
what two things did Washington do during his presidency
put down the Whiskey Rebellion
| remained neutral during the French Revolution
38
Who was the second president
John Adams
39
Adams party
federalist
40
what did adams pass
alien and sedition acts
41
what did the alien and sedition acts do
limited rights of immigrants
42
other significant thing about adams
midnight appointments
43
what was his key midnight appointment
chief justice John Marshall
44
third president
thomas jefferson
45
Jefferson and the military
cut down expenses
46
jefferson and taxes
reduced taxes
47
jefferson's dream
agrarian utopia
| wanted everyone to be farmers
48
points about jefferson's agrarian utopia
slavery
| people with big farms
49
Big point in Jefferson's presidency
Louisiana purchase
50
about the Louisiana purchase
unconstitutional
51
what happened in the Louisiana Purchase
the Lewis and Clark expedition
52
When was the Louisiana Purchase
1803
53
Why did Jefferson want the Louisiana Purchase
New Orleans
54
significance of New Orleans
mouth of Mississippi River
55
Why did Napoleon sell?
needed money
56
How much was the Louisiana purchase
fifteen million
57
what did Meriwether Lewis and William Clark do
traveled up the missouri river from Saint Louis to the Pacific Ocean
58
causes of War of 1812
British forcing American sailors to serve in British navy
native uprising suspected of being helped by the British
Americans wanted respect
59
the native uprising around the war of 1812
Tecumseh led an uprising that was put down by General William Henry Harrison
60
Who declared the war of 1812
Congress, urged by President Madison
61
What did the British do in the war of 1812
burned down Washington
62
Result of war of 1812
undecided
63
key battle in war of 1812 with result
General Andrew Jackson won the Battle of New Orleans
64
What caused the Monroe Doctrine
Spain's Latin American colonies declare independence and US recognizes new republics
65
When was the Monroe doctrine
1823
66
what did the monroe doctrine say
the US would oppose any European attempt to regain former Latin American colonies or establish new ones in the Western Hemisphere
67
What is Jacksonian democracy
do what he thinks, no matter what others think
68
who was Andrew Jackson
war hero of the War of 1812
69
describe Jackson
man of the people
70
what Jackson did
threw parties
| vetoed the rechartering of the second national bank
71
irony of Jackson's view on currency
his face is on currency
72
nickname for Jackson
tough Old Hickory
73
what happened in the Trail of Tears
Jackson ignored old treaties
Cherokees forced out west
4000 died
74
Northern economy
industrial
75
where was industry before the revolution
england
76
southern economy
primarily agricultural
77
what was happening to northern industry
factories shifting from hand-powered to machine powered
78
key product of northern industry
clothing
79
about clothing
machine powered looms
| mechanical advantage
80
what did the industrial north do to farming
made it easier
81
why did unions form
disgruntled factory workers
82
what did factory workers want
shorter work days and higher wages
83
strategy to get requests in factories
striking
84
what is striking
refusal to work until employers meet demands
85
who invented the cotton gin
Eli Whitney
86
when was the cotton gin invented
1793
87
nickname for south
cotton kingdom
88
where else could cotton be found
Egypt and India
89
Cotton as a US export
over one half of all exports
90
when was cotton huge
1815-1860
91
which is better for economy, exports or imports
exports
92
who owned slaves in the south
one in four families
93
what could free blacks not do
vote
| testify against whites
94
how many slaves lived on plantations and farms
75%
95
what was the underground railroad
network of white and African American people who helped escaped slaves reach the North
96
who was a key figure in the underground railroad
Harriet Tubman
97
Tubman's nickname
black moses
98
tubman stats
19 trips, 300 slaves freed
99
what is the biggest fear of a plantation owner
uprising of slaves
100
what did plantation owners do to avoid uprising
used fear
101
what was the second great awakening
renewed and powerful interest in religion
102
when was the second great awakening
1790s
103
where was the second great awakening
spreading westward out of New York
104
what did the second great awakening look like
huge gatherings
105
what was the temperance movement
limited alcohol consumption
106
three parts of second great awakening
religion
temperance
education
107
what happened to education during second great awakening
free public schools
108
two key figures of the restoration movement
Barton Stone and Thomas Campbell
109
who was Barton Stone
Presbyterian preacher
110
what did Stone disagree with
predestination and creeds
111
what did stone do
started a Christian reform movement based solely upon scripture
112
Who was Thomas Campbell
former presbyterian minister
113
what did thomas campbell do
called for complete restoration of apostolic Christianity
114
what does apostolic mean
relating to the Apostles and their example
115
what was the restoration movement
reform movement led to the formation of the Churches of Christ as well as other denominations
116
when was slavery abolished in most northern states
early 1800s
117
what is an abolitionist
someone who believed slavery should be outlawed
118
who was Frederick Douglass
escaped slave
119
what did Douglass do
gave speeches about his life
120
who was Sojourner Truth
fought for abolition and women's rights
121
What was Truth's big speech
Ain't I a woman
122
Who coined the phrase manifest destiny
John O'Sullivan
123
who was John O'Sullivan
magazine writer
124
what is manifest destiny
sea to shining sea
| the belief that God intended the US to expand west to the Pacific Ocean
125
benefits of expansion
lessen population pressures
create new markets
expand farmland
126
When did Texas gain independence from Mexico
1836
127
When did Polk agree to annex Texas
1844
128
What happened in the Mexican American War
Mexican forces attack US troops near disputed border
| American soldiers capture Mexico City in 1847
129
What did the treaty to end the Mexican American war do
gave US new territories
| US paid
130
what territories did the US gain in the Mexican American war
California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Wyoming
131
how much did the US pay in the Mexican American war
fifteen million
132
what was the result of Mexican American war
Mexico's conditional surrender
133
What happened in 1849
Americans flock West in the gold Rush
134
what was the gain of Western lands called
Mexican cession
135
first Congress debate on slavery
should new territories be slave or free
136
what was decided for some states
popular sovereignty
137
what is popular sovereignty
allowed citizens of new territories to vote whether to permit slavery
138
what was the compromise of 1850
abolished the trade of slaves but not slavery itself
| instituted stricter slave laws
139
what did the compromise of 1850 do for slave laws
escaped slaves are required to be returned to their owners
140
why did the war start
Southern states feared the abolition of slavery and threatened succession
141
When was Lincoln elected
1860
142
Lincoln's policy
refused to allow expansion of slavery
143
what happened when Lincoln elected and why
Southern states seceded, thinking Lincoln an abolitionist
144
First state to secede
South Carolina
145
Second round of states to secede
Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Texas
146
what were the seceded states called
confederate states of America
147
nicknames for civil war
Iliad
our holocaust
our nation's greatest defining moment
148
What was the first form of government?
the articles of confederation
149
how many military dead
655670
150
civil war deaths compared to other wars
more than all the others combined
151
casualties
1,127,,,000
152
what else did the civil war destroy
culture, livelihood, and civilization
153
what did the civil war
Union forever established
154
Why did south threaten to secede
believed Lincoln an abolitionist
155
how did Lincoln win
even though he wasn't on the southern ballots
156
who proposed the Crittenden compromise
Kentucky senator John Crittenden
157
points of crittenden compromise
constitutional amendment guaranteeing slavery in the south
redraw missouri compromise line, guaranteeing slavery south of the line all the way to the pacific
broaden fugitive slave law; federal government to pay for any slave not returned
158
what was lincoln's stance on the crittenden compromise
okayed everything but letting slavery expand west
159
What was the south's response to lincoln's response to the crittenden compromise
they wanted everything, so they got nothing
160
what number president was lincoln
16th
161
when was Lincoln born
february 12, 1809
162
lincoln's education
third grade formal
self educated
avid reader
taught himself to be a lawyer
163
how tall was lincoln
6 4
164
how tall was lincoln with his top hat
6 10
165
about lincoln
loved practical jokes, but wasn't cruel
| told long stories to explain
166
story of duel
broadswords, opponent surrendered because of his long reach
167
about beard
grew beard because of a letter from 11 year old Grace Bedell
168
Why was Jefferson Davis important
famous in the south because he fought in the Mexican American War
169
where did davis study
west point
170
davis's wife
zachary Taylor's daughter
171
Davis's background
mississippi senator
172
davis's opinion on secession
against it
173
what did davis do
president of confederate states of america
174
first capitol of csa
Richmond
175
second capital of CSA
Montgomery
176
what was fort sumter
union fort in South Carolina
177
who was in charge of fort sumter
union major anderson
178
who besieged fort sumter
general beauregard
179
who was beauregard
fire eater
| student of anderson
180
when was the siege of fort sumter
april 12-14 1861
181
what was siege
south carolina governor would not let Lincoln bring in supplies
182
result of fort sumter siege
one casualty - cannon exploded into someone at the surrender ceremony
183
lincoln's response to fort sumter
rebellion
| calls for 75000 militia to serve 90 days
184
what did robert e lee do to earn fame
fought in the mexican american war
second in class at west point
never received a demerit
considered the perfect soldier
185
who was the highest union general
Winfield Scott
186
what does scott offer lee
command of all union forces
187
what was lee's answer to scott
no because he's from virginia
188
when did Virginia secede
april 17, 1861
189
pros of north
```
high population
90% of manufacturing
2/3 of all railroads
majority of strategic ore deposits
naval fleet
```
190
population of north
22 million
11 million males
8-9 million fighters
191
cons of north
poorly led military
invading unknown territory
war unpopular
192
pros of south
```
clear purpose
strong military tradition
better leadership
new territory
supportive population
```
193
about south's strong military tradition
many fought in the mexican american war
194
cons of south
```
low population
little manufacturing
few railroads
you can't eat cotton
government was a confederacy
```
195
population of north
8. 2 million
| 3. 9 million slaves
196
what happened because there were few railroads
shoes wore out
197
why were there not enough edible crops
farms refused to grow anything but traditional cotton
198
what was the problem with a confederacy
had no teeth
199
first battle with two armies facing off
first battle of manassas
| battle of bull run
200
what happened at bull run
citizens show up to watch and clog the roads
| union forced to retreat
201
key players at bull run
Beauregard leading CSA
Thomas Jackson stands his ground - stone wall
Bernard Bee tries to corner him
General McDowell is forced to retreat
202
what was the rebel yell and when was it coined
bull run
| yell like furies while charging with bayonets
203
beauregard's failure at bull run
doesn't pursue, failed to use momentum to take the clear path to dc
204
when was Shiloh
april 6-7, 1862
205
what is shiloh
first major battle
206
what happens at shiloh
CSA near corinth mississippi commanded by Johnston
Beauregard leads surprise attack, but CSA stops to eat Union breakfast
Grant turns around reinforced by Buell and counter attacks
207
how many CSA at shiloh
45000
208
how many men did Grant have
65000
209
what does beauregard do after shiloh
burns corinth and gets demoted
210
how many fought at shiloh
100000
211
union casualties at shiloh
13047
212
confederate casualties at shiloh
10694
213
result of shiloh
union victory
CSA lost corinth
Davis furious
214
nicknames of grant
unconditional surrender
| butcher
215
grant's unconditional surrender
you surrender or I destroy you
216
why called butcher grant
too flippant with lives of troops at Shiloh
217
grant's struggle
depressed and drunk
218
result of grant's drunkenness
relieved of command
| plans to resign, but sherman talks him out of it
219
when does lee assume command of CSA
june 1st 1862
220
what force did lee lead
army of northern virginia
221
why did lee invade the north
hoping for a big victory to gain british and french support
222
what happens when lee invades north
drives mcclellan back
223
about mclellan
army of potomac
full of self
only fights when he has overwhelming numbers
incapable
224
two key songs of this era
battle hymn of the republic
| aura lee
225
about the battle hymn of the republic
by julia ward howe
| not played in union until after war even though it was Lincoln's favorite
226
what is the emancipation proclamation
slaves freed in rebel states
227
when was the emancipation proclamation written
jan 1, 1863
228
what did the emancipation proclamation do
abolition became goal of Union war effort
| gave civilians purpose to fight
229
when did slavery end
thirteenth amendment
230
when was gettysburg
july 1-3, 1863
231
gettysburg forces
CSA - 89000
| USA - 122000
232
leader of CSA at gettysburg
lee
233
leader of USA at gettysburg
meade
234
significance of number of soldiers at Gettysburg
USA force largest force in american history
235
why is lee in gettysburg
looking for shoes at a factory in gettysburg
236
how much of the union was in gettysburg
the whole army
237
what happens at gettysburg
meade takes up defensive high ground
| lee orders full assault - pickett's charge
238
where does meade camp
cemetary hill
239
when is the full charge at gettysburg
july 3
240
what was picket's charge
15000 marched across 0.75 mile open ground
| 90% men lost
241
effect from gettysburg
csa army dwindles
union victory
south goes on defensive
242
grant at the end of the war
relentless
takes army of potomac
determined to pursue and defeat lee at all costs
bulldog
243
when did grant take the army of the potomac
may 1864
244
what dis herman do
```
william tecumseh sherman
total war
make georgia howl
burned atlanta
gave savannah georgia to lincoln as a christmas gift
march to the sea
```
245
what happens before appomatox
lee dismissed proposals to scatter troops to wage guerrilla warfare
agrees to surrender
246
when did the civil war end
april 9, 1865
247
at appomattox
gen joshua chamberlain orders union soldiers to salute CSA men as they march by and they salute back
248
why did the south lose
overwhelming numbers and resources
