Unit 4 Flashcards
1
Q
Causes of the Second industrial revolution
A
large supply of natural resources
new inventions
growing cities
2
Q
what natural resources
A
oil, coal
3
Q
how was oil first used
A
kerosene
4
Q
what did edwin drake do
A
used steam engine to drill for oil
5
Q
what was steel used for
A
skyscrapers, bridges, railroad tracks
6
Q
why new inventions
A
worked faster and more efficiently
7
Q
what did thomas edison invent
A
light bulb
electrical power plants
direct current electricity
8
Q
what did christopher sholes invent
A
typewriter
9
Q
what did the typewriter affect
A
the workplace
10
Q
what did alexander graham bell invent
A
telephone
11
Q
importance of telephone
A
instant communication over long distances
12
Q
what did Henry Ford invent
A
Model T and assembly line
13
Q
why did cities grow
A
immigration brought new workers
14
Q
about immigration
A
worked for lower wages
spent money on new products
increased population density
15
Q
who was nikola tesla
A
serbian american who worked with thomas edison, then became his rival
man who invented the 20th century
16
Q
what did tesla do
A
discovered and utilized alternating current electricity
17
Q
what does ac do
A
transmits energy over longer distances
18
Q
importance of railroads
A
fast travel over long distances
increased trade between cities
19
Q
when was the transcontinental railroad built
A
1869
20
Q
who invented the compressed air brake
A
George Westinghouse
21
Q
what else did westinghouse do
A
operated AC power plants
competed with edison
22
Q
what happened in 1872
A
credit mobilier scandal
23
Q
what happened at the credit mobilier scandal
A
Union Pacific Railroad bribed congressmen with shares in the Credit Mobilier Construction company, and congressmen approved federal subsidies for the cost of constructing the railroads
24
Q
what was grange’s union of farmers
A
fought railroads, lowering shipping prices
25
what was the interstate commerce act
government gains more control over railroads
26
when was the interstate commerce act
1887
27
what is capitalism
private businesses run most industries and competition determines who much goods cost, workers are paid
28
what is laissez faire
let the people do as they please, less government regulation
29
what is laissez faire literally
hands off
30
where does competition occur
free market
31
what is social darwinism
only the best people survive and succeed
32
what did andrew carnegie do
controlled virtually the entire steel industry
believed in a free market
vertical integration
33
what is vertical integration
buy up companies that provide raw materials
34
what did john d. rockefeller do
owner of standard oil
attempted to create a monopoly
formed trust
horizontal integration
35
what is a monopoly
exclusive possession or control of the supply or trade in a commodity or service
36
what is trust
several companies turn over stock to one group of trustees who work as one large mega company
37
what is horizontal integration
buy up competitors
38
negative aspects of big business
too much power for too few
once a monopoly is formed, owner can charge as much as he wants
mistreated workers
39
how were workers mistreated
long hours
low pay
poor conditions
40
what was a labor union
formed by workers to demand improvements in salaries and working conditions
41
what did samuel gompers do
formed american federation of labor
42
how did gompers act
strikes
| collective bargaining
43
what is collective bargaining
negotiating between workers and business owners
44
who was Karl Marx
German philosopher who lived in England
45
Marx's beliefs
```
against capitalism
economics drive history
bourgeoisie benefited, proletariat suffered
remove inequalities of wealth
communism
```
46
what political system removes inequalities of wealth
marxism
47
what did marx write
communist manifesto
48
what did the communist manifesto say
no individual ownership of property
| property and production owned by community
49
what was the social gospel movement
preached salvation through helping the poor
50
what did the social gospel movement do
created settlement houses
51
what did a settlement house do
community centers for immigrants
| schooling, health care, career training
52
importance of social gospel movement
influenced progressive reformers
53
what is populism
political doctrine that appeals to the general population, in contrast to upper class
54
what happened in 1890
farmers and workers unite to fight mega trust companies
formed populist party
anti-trust agenda
55
election of 1880
James A Garfield (R) vs. Winfield S. Hancock (D)
Smallest popular vote in history
garfield wins by 2000 popular, considerable electoral
56
what happened to garfield
assassinated 200 days after election
57
election of 1888
Benjamin Harrison (R) vs. Grover Cleveland (D)
Cleveland wins popular, but not electoral
Harrison wins
58
what was the progressive movement
an effort to cure American society of the ills developed during the industrial revolution
59
what did progressives believe
rejected social darwinism
believed man was capable of improving society
government should help improve
remove corruption
people directly active in political process
more democracy
60
what is a muckraker
journalist who worked to expose social, corporate, and political corruption
61
what did muckrakers do
detailed horrors of poverty, dangerous factory conditions, and child labor
62
famous muckraker
upton sinclair
63
what did sinclair write
the jungle
64
when was the jungle written
1905
65
what did the jungle do
exposed labor abuses in meat packing industry
| led to pure food and drug act and the meat inspection act
66
when was Roosevelt president
1901-1909
67
why did roosevelt have weird terms
was vice president for william mckinley who was assassinated
68
who assassinated mckinley
leon czolgosz
69
when was mckinley elected
1900
70
what is a bully pulpit
a public position of authority that provides its occupant an opportunity to speak out on vital issues
71
when was roosevelt reelected
1904
72
roosevelt's second campaign strategy
square deal
73
what was the square deal
see every man has a square deal, no less and no more
74
what did roosevelt believe
balance of businesses, consumers, and laborers
75
who ya gonna call
trustbusters
76
what did the trustbusters do
worked to break up and outlaw monopolies
77
specific trustbuster case
us attorney general sues j p morgan and railroad barons
78
what did j p morgan and the railroad barons do
violated the anti-trust act
79
tr quote
we draw the line at misconduct, not wealth
80
what were the election reforms
initiative
referendum
recall
81
what is initiative
gives voters the right to propose laws
82
referendum
the right to vote on initiatives
83
recall
gave voters the right to force politicians out to be reelected
84
what numbers were the progressive amendments
16, 17, 18, 19, 20
85
what was the 16th amendment
income tax is legal
86
17th
popular election of senators
87
18
prohibition of alcohol
88
19th
women's suffrage
89
20th
beginning and ending of presidential terms clarified
90
who was web dubois
first african american do get a harvard doctorate
professor at atlanta unversity and political activist
strong supporter of civil rights
91
what did dubois believe
african americans should be politically active and pursue education
92
what else did dubois do
passionate interest in africa
wrote the souls of black folks
dual identity - african and american
93
how many women worked in 1900
1/5
94
what started women's suffrage
women became more educated
95
what organized for women's suffrage
national women's suffrage association
96
who nawsa
susan b. anthony
97
what did anthony do
fought for right to vote, first at the state level, then an amendment
98
when was women's rights
june 4, 1919
99
what was the prohibition
outlawing the manufacturing or sale of alcohol
100
who started prohibition
women
101
what happened at prohibition
rise in organized crime
102
what is a speakeasy
illegal liquor club
103
when was prohibition repealed
1933
| 21st amendment
104
what did the us do to make up for the 21st amendment
taxed alcohol
105
who was john muir
progressive naturalist and writer
106
what did muir do
convinced roosevelt to start the federal parks program
107
roosevelt and nature
pushed for conservation of land - loved land
108
wright brothers flight
1903
109
beginning of civil war
april 12, 1861
110
declaration of independence
july 4, 1776
111
plessy vs. ferguson
1896
112
louisiana purchase
1803
113
jamestown
1607
114
end of civil war
april 9, 1865
115
constitution ratified
1788
116
columbus's voyage
1492
