Unit 4_Neuroplasticity Flashcards
What is defined as the ability of the nervous system to respond to intrinsic or extrinsic stimuli by reorganizing its structure, function and connections?
Neuroplasticity
Neuroplasticity reorganization happens _______ as we learn and establish new memories. Unfortunately, in forms of dementia and as we approach senescence, we lose memories or capability of forming long term memories.
everyday
The nervous is capable of neuroplasticity ________ life.
throughout
Thousands and thousands of people with neurologic lesions were not given the fullest neurorehabilitation until the ______ _____ ______ even though scientists had clearly demonstrated this capability in the mid 20th century and possibly even earlier.
late 20th century
Today understanding and utilizing neuroplasticity forms the basis of much of what we do in what?
Neurorehabilitation
What can be used to create short and long-term memories?
Presynaptic facilitation and inhibition
What can “presynaptically” affect neurotransmitter release and later signal need for protein synthesis involving second messengers?
Facilitating inputs
With presynaptic inhibition there could be loss of what?
synaptic contacts
What are accompanied by increased synaptic contacts?
Long-term habituation and sensitization
What occurs when a person is said to recover from a CNS deficit if they are able to accomplish a goal using the same strategies as prior to the injury?
Recovery
What means that the person has switched to a different means of accomplishing the task?
Compensation
What happens when there is a lesion in the nervous system?
A sequence of changes follows all lesions, and that perhaps one never achieves an equilibrium. There are immediate changes, and changes occurring over seconds, hours, days, weeks, months and indeed years.
What can mechanical damage - crush, shear, cut cause cell death to?
PNS
What can Ischemia (80% of strokes are ischemic) cause cell death to?
CNS
What can (Glutamate) Excitotoxicity cause cell death to?
CNS
(It may be the final common pathway for most CNS cell death)
What can target (or input) deprivation cause cell death to?
It may cause a cascade of changes with the CNS
What have to talk to each other for proper function and in addition when communication is cut off neurons can become unhealthy because of target deprivation? This can be short or long-term depending on the type of lesion.
Neurons
What is continually modified in healthy adults in response to activity, behavior, and skill acquisition?
The cortical representation of the body
What opens a window of increased neural plasticity in the CNS?
A lesion
As therapists we are interested in activity dependent changes in the structure and function of the CNS following what?
injury
Removal of target in periphery, such as with amputation can cause what?
major changes in CNS
Post stroke, the following occurs to what changes in the cortical maps?
Unmasking of pre-existing inactive representations.
Recruitment of new connections-axonal sprouting.
Changes in synaptic efficiency-denervation hypersensitivity.
Expansion of ipsilesional areas of the cortex