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Neuroscience > Unit 1_Telencephalon Structures > Flashcards

Unit 1_Telencephalon Structures Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of matter is contained in the Thalamus primarily?

A

Gray matter

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2
Q

What is composed of a gray matter mantle which comprises approximately 40% of the weight of the human brain and surrounds a center of white matter fiber pathways, the lateral ventricles, the diencephalon, and the basal ganglia?

A

Cerebral Cortex

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3
Q

What structure in the cerebral hemispheres substantially increase the surface of the cerebral cortex? These structures are called gyri and the intervening grooves are called sulci.

A

Folds

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4
Q

What are clefts that separate large components of the brain?

A

Fissures

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5
Q

What provide boundaries for the 4 major primary lobes of the hemispheres; frontal, temporal, parietal and occipital?

A

Sulci and Fissures

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6
Q

What is a fifth but smaller lobe that is surrounded by other cerebral lobes?

A

Limbic

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7
Q

What gyrus allow for identification of the somatic tropic maps and motor maps, also known as the homunculus?

A

Pre Central Gyrus and Post Central Gyrus

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8
Q

What sulcus separates the Temporal lobe from the Parietal lobe?

A

Lateral sulcus

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9
Q

What structure allows for differentiation of the Occipital lobe from the Temporal lobe?

A

Preoccipital notch

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10
Q

What structure grows so much that it ends up surrounding the diencephalon and parts of the brainstem?

A

Telencephalon

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11
Q

What structure is an area of white matter of axonal pathways taking information across and between each hemisphere, as well as holds the hemispheres together?

A

Corpus collosum

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12
Q

What structure is located above the Corpus Collosum, but from Rostral to Caudal?

A

Cingulate sulcus

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13
Q

What structure differentiates the internal borders of the frontal, parietal and occipital lobes?

A

Cingulate gyrus

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14
Q

What fissure runs between the occipital lobe and allows for optic radiation, or sensory information to move from the optic nerve to the occipital lobe for processing and includes white matter pathways?

A

Calcarine fissure

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15
Q

What structure are the Parahippocampal gyrus and the Uncus involved with and control regulation of emotions and memories?

A

Hippocampus

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16
Q

On the lateral aspect of the hemispheres, what lobe occupies the area anterior to the central sulcus and superior to the lateral sulcus?

A

Frontal Lobe

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17
Q

Medially, what lobe extends posteriorly to the central sulcus and inferiorly to the cingulate sulcus? The inferior aspect of this lobe lies in the anterior cranial fossa.

A

Frontal Lobe

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18
Q

On the lateral aspect of the Frontal lobe, what sulcus runs parallel to and in front of the central sulcus?

A

The precentral sulcus

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19
Q

On the lateral aspect of the Frontal lobe, what two sulci outline the precentral gyrus?

A

Precentral and central sulci

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20
Q

What region in the Inferior Frontal gyrus is related to language?

A

Broca’s area

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21
Q

What ascend from the lateral sulcus into the anterior frontal lobe divide the inferior frontal gyri in to specialized opercular, triangular and orbital portions which are centers for language in the dominant hemisphere?

A

Rami

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22
Q

What hemisphere of the brain is Broca’s area located?

A

The dominant hemisphere of an individual, which is based on their dominant hand (i.e., dominant right hand, Broca’s area will be in left hemisphere)

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23
Q

In the medial aspect of the Frontal lobe, what sulci extend over onto the medial aspect?

A

Precentral and central sulci

24
Q

What gyri also extends over on to the medial aspect from the lateral aspect of the frontal lobe?

A

Precentral gyri

25
Q

What lobe do the olfactory bulb, olfactory tract, and olfactory stria lie on the inferior surface?

A

Frontal Lobe

26
Q

On the lateral aspect of the cortex, what cerebral division occupies the area posterior to the central sulcus, and it extends posteriorly to an imaginary line extending from the parieto-occipital sulcus to the pre-occipital notch?

A

Parietal Lobe

27
Q

Inferiorly of the cortex, what cerebral division extends to an imaginary line drawn from the lateral sulcus and intersected with the first line?

A

Parietal Lobe

28
Q

On the medial aspect of the cortex, what cerebral division extends from the central sulcus to the parieto-occipital sulcus? It extends inferiorly to the continuation of the cingulate sulcus.

A

Parietal Lobe

29
Q

What lobe is not visible from the inferior aspect of the cortex?

A

Parietal Lobe

30
Q

On the lateral aspect of the Parietal lobe, what sulcus lies parallel and posterior to the central sulcus?

A

Post-central sulcus

31
Q

On the lateral aspect of the Parietal lobe, what two sulci outline the post-central gyrus.

A

Post-central and central sulci

32
Q

On the lateral aspect of the Parietal lobe, what are important structures for reading and writing?

A

Supramarginal and angular gyri

33
Q

What gyrus extends over to the medial aspect of the Parietal lobe where it lies posterior to an extension of the central sulcus?

A

The post-central gyrus

34
Q

On the lateral aspect of the cortex, what lobe occupies the area inferior to the lateral sulcus and it extends posteriorly to the imaginary lines drawn on the lateral surface?

A

Temporal Lobe

35
Q

What lobe generally cannot be seen on the medial aspect of the cortex, but it does occupy the majority of the inferior surface of the hemispheres?

A

Temporal Lobe

36
Q

What lobe occupies the middle cranial fossa?

A

Temporal Lobe

37
Q

What sulci divide the temporal lobe into superior, middle, and inferior temporal gyri?

A

The superior and middle temporal sulci

38
Q

What gyrus is located on the inferior surface of the temporal lobe? The rostral end of this gyrus is referred to as the uncus.

A

The parahippocampal gyrus

39
Q

The Fornix and mammillary body, Amygdala and Hippocampal formation are part of what structure?

A

Hippocampus - regulates emotion and memory

40
Q

On the lateral aspect of the cortex, what lobe occupies the most posterior aspect of the cerebral cortex behind the imaginary line drawn from the parieto-occipital sulcus to the pre-occipital notch?

A

Occipital Lobe

41
Q

On the medial aspect, what lobe extends posteriorly from the parieto-occipital sulcus?

A

Occipital Lobe

42
Q

What lobe occupies a small area on the inferior surface of the hemispheres that can only be viewed if the cerebellum is removed? The calcarine sulcus is an important sulcus that appears on the medial surface of this lobe as well.

A

Occipital Lobe

43
Q

What sulcus in the occipital lobe is heavily involved with vision?

A

Calcarine sulcus

44
Q

On the lateral aspect of the cortex, what lobe occupies the most posterior aspect of the cerebral cortex behind the imaginary line drawn from the parieto-occipital sulcus to the pre-occipital notch?

A

Occipital Lobe

45
Q

On the medial aspect, what lobe extends posteriorly from the parieto-occipital sulcus? It also occupies a small area on the inferior surface of the hemispheres that can only be viewed if the cerebellum is removed.

A

Occipital Lobe

46
Q

What is the most important secondary lobe? This is a functional lobe that contains some components of the primary lobes.

A

Limbic Lobe

47
Q

What lobe are the following structures found in and are responsible for emotions and memory?
Cingulate gyrus
Parahippocampal gyrus
Uncus
Subcallosal gyrus
Amygdala
Hippocampal formation

A

Limbic Lobe

48
Q

What is a map of the brain that identifies different functional areas?

A

Brodmann’s areas

49
Q

What term is derived from development of the telencephalon and refers to a group of nuclei that function together in a system that influences motor control, eye movement, cognition and emotion? Some of the nuclei are located deep within the telencephalon. Others are located elsewhere (i.e. substantia nigra in midbrain).

A

Basal Ganglia

50
Q

What diseases have difficulty with Basal Ganglia?

A

Parkinson’s Disease (initiating movement) and Huntington’s Disease (stopping movement)

51
Q

What is a c-shaped nucleus that is composed of three parts; a head, a body, and a tail?

The head forms part of the lateral wall and floor of the lateral ventricle. The body of the extends posteriorly and lies on top of the thalamus. The tail curves around backwards and follows the temporal horn of the lateral ventricle. When grouped with Putamen is called the striatum.

A

Caudate

52
Q

What triangular shaped nucleus deep within the hemispheres has three components; the putamen, the globus pallidus externus, and the globus pallidus internus? As seen in horizontal section, the lentiform nucleus is separated from the thalamus and caudate nucleus by the internal capsule. When grouped with Caudate is striatum

A

Putamen and Globus Pallidus (Old term is Lentiform nucleus)

53
Q

What white matter pathway connects cortical structures with sub-cortical regions (cell body sends axons out of the hemisphere into the body)? One example is the internal capsule.

A

Projection fibers

54
Q

What white matter pathway crosses the midline and connect the sides of the CNS (hemisphere)? An example is the corpus callosum.

A

Commissural fibers

55
Q

What white matter pathway interconnects cortical regions within the same hemisphere?

A

Association fibers

Neuroscience (28 decks)

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