Unit 1_Spinal Cord and Brainstem Structures Flashcards
What important names are associated with what is termed the “five vesicle” brain?
Myelencephalon = Medulla
Metencephalon = Pons and Cerebellum
Mesencephalon = Midbrain
Diencephalon = Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Subthalamus (subthalamic n.), Epithalamus
Telencephalon = Cerebrum and most of Basal Ganglia
What vesicle gives rise to the Medulla?
Myelencephalon
What vesicle gives rise to the Pons and Cerebellum?
Metencephalon
What vesicle gives rise to the Midbrain?
Mesencephalon
What vesicle gives rise to the Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Subthalamus (subthalamic n.), Epithalamus?
Diencephalon
What vesicle gives rise to the Cerebrum and most of Basal Ganglia?
Telencephalon
At what point in the embryo/fetus does the ventricle system begin to take shape?
50 days
At what point in the embryo/fetus does the facial features begin to take shape?
100 days
At what point in the embryo/fetus does the typical lateral ventricle appear?
5-6 months
At what point in the embryo/fetus does the lateral ventricle shape appear?
9 months
At what point in the embryo/fetus do internal structures/C-shape gives rise to insular cortex where the brain is folded in?
8 months
The developing CNS is susceptible to damage into when?
Into early adolescence
What is the process by which congenital malformations are produced in an embryo or fetus?
Terateogenesis
Which structures make up the brainstem from caudal to rostral?
- Medulla
- Pons
- Midbrain
What sits dorsal to the fourth ventricle?
Cerebellum
What information do the Cuneate tubercle and the Gracile tubercle on the dorsal surface of the brainstem carry?
Sensory information
What information do the pyramids on the ventral surface of the brainstem carry?
Motor information
What forms at the level of the foramen magnum where the the spinal cord is rostrally continuous with the first level of the brainstem? This area is structurally similar to the spinal cord especially at its caudal end.
Medulla Oblongata
In the medulla and throughout the brainstem, what is often organized into structures called nuclei?
Gray matter
What represents the cell bodies of a functionally related group of neurons and associated structures (e.g., cranial nerve nuclei)?
A nuclei
What continue to course through the medulla transmitting ascending and descending information?
White matter (axon) tracts
What continues into the medulla and at the rostral end of the medulla it widens and opens up to form the fourth ventricle?
The central canal
What two components can the medulla be divided into?
A closed caudal medulla and an open rostral medulla
What component of the medulla is more caudal?
Closed medulla