Unit 2_Sensory Perception

Question 1

CNS identification of a stimulus intensity is done by what?

Answer 1

frequency coding and population coding

Question 2

What is stimulus intensity; amplitude of receptor potential; frequency of action potentials to CNS all increase linearly?

Answer 2

Frequency coding

Question 3

What is it called when stronger stimuli activate more receptors which activate more axons (fibers) which tells CNS that the intensity has increased?

Answer 3

Population coding

Question 4

What is integration and interpretation of information received from sensory receptors?

“Making sense of one’s senses”

Answer 4

Perception

Question 5

What are the following?

1. Primary Cortex
   Direct processing
2. Secondary Association Cortex
   First level of processing-name by sight
3. Tertiary Association Cortex
   Complex integration-attach memories/emotions

Answer 5

Levels of perception complexity

Question 6

What level of perception complexity deals with direct processing?

Answer 6

Primary Cortex

Question 7

What level of perception complexity deals with the first level of processing-name by sight?

Answer 7

Secondary Association Cortex

Question 8

What level of perception deals with complex integration-attach memories/emotions?

Answer 8

Tertiary Association Cortex

Question 9

What functional area of the occipital lobe is located in the calcarine fissure with the role of visual reception?

Answer 9

Primary Visual Area

Question 10

What functional area of the occipital lobe includes the roles of Synthesis & Integration, Perception, Visual Memory Traces and Visuokinetic motor engrams?

Answer 10

Secondary Association Area

Question 11

What functional area of the temporal lobe is located in the Superior Temporal Gyrus and includes the role of Auditory Reception?

Answer 11

Primary Auditory Area

Question 12

What functional area of the temporal lobe is located in Wernicke’s Area and includes the roles of Language Comprehension and Perception of music?

Answer 12

Secondary Association Area

Question 13

What functional area of the temporal lobe is located in the Temporal pole, parahippocampus and includes the roles of Consolidation of Memory and
Higher Order Learning?

Answer 13

Tertiary Association Area

Question 14

What functional area of the parietal lobe is located in the Postcentral Gyrus and includes the roles of Fine touch, Pain, Proprioception?

Answer 14

Primary Sensory Area

Question 15

What functional area of the parietal lobe is located in the Superior Parietal Lobe and includes the roles of coordination, integration, and stereognosis?

Answer 15

Secondary Sensory Assocation Area

Question 16

What functional area of the parietal lobe is located in the Inferior Parietal Lobe and includes the roles of Further recognition, Praxis, Body Scheme and Language?

Answer 16

Tertiary Assocation Area

Question 17

Where will lesions from most perceptual impairments will come from?

Answer 17

RIGHT parietal lobe
(the persons non-dominant hemisphere)

Question 18

What body scheme/body image disorder (non-dominant/Right Parietal association) is a deficit affecting the individual’s awareness of the body half and the extrapersonal space contralateral to the lesion? This occurs even with intact vision but may be exacerbated by hemianopsias.

Answer 18

Unilateral neglect

Question 19

What body scheme/body image disorder (non-dominant/Right Parietal association) is an inability to discriminate between left and right?

Answer 19

Right/left discrimination

Question 20

What body scheme/body image disorder (non-dominant/Right Parietal association) is an inability to recognize sensory inputs? Patients deny the existence of their affected extremities and or deny their deficits completely.

Answer 20

Anosognosia

Question 21

What type of visual anosognosia found in the Occipital lobe and is a cognitive disorder of face perception in which the ability to recognize familiar faces, including one’s own face (self-recognition))?

Answer 21

Visual Agnosias

Question 22

What are two types of visual agnosias?

Answer 22

Prosopagnosia

Color Agnosia

Question 23

What type of anosognosia is found in the Temporal lobe?

Answer 23

Auditory Agnosia

Question 24

What type of anosognosia is found in the Parietal lobe?

Answer 24

Tactile Agnosia/Asterognosis

Question 25

What kind of perceptual impairment are the following disorders?
Topographic Disorientation
Form
Space
Figure-Ground Discrimination
Spatial Relations
Position in Space

Answer 25

Visuospatial Disorders (non-dominant/Right parietal and occipital association)

Question 26

What perceptual impairment is an inability to navigate environment?

Answer 26

Topographic Disorientation

Question 27

What perceptual impairment refers to the ability to identify or sort objects, shapes, symbols, letters, and/or words, despite differences in size or position?

Answer 27

Form

Question 28

What perceptual impairment is a perception that the world remains stable despite eye movements?

Answer 28

Space

Question 29

What Visuospatial Disorder is the inability to perceive the foreground from the background?

Answer 29

Figure-Ground Discrimination

Question 30

What Visuospatial Disorder is the inability to recall the location and relationships of objects and places?

Answer 30

Spatial Relations

Question 31

What Visuospatial Disorder is the inability to correctly use and understanding of words such as up, down, underneath, etc.?

Answer 31

Position in Space

Question 32

What perceptual impairment is the inability to execute a voluntary motor movement despite being able to demonstrate normal muscle function? This is not related to a lack of understanding or to any kind of physical paralysis; rather, it is caused by a problem in the cortex of the brain.

Answer 32

Apraxia (parietal and frontal cortex only)

Question 33

What type of Apraxia is a left lesion in pre-frontal or supplementary or post-parietal association? This is a breakdown between concept and performance - unable to perform task on command even though patient can describe how to perform the task and can sometimes perform it automatically. It is evaluated by asking the patient to perform the task to command and observation of same task when not requested.

Answer 33

Ideomotor Apraxia

Question 34

What type of Apraxia is a left lesion in parietal association? This is a failure of the conceptualization of the task - cannot perform task automatically or on command. A patient cannot explain how to accomplish a purposeful activity and often attempts to use objects for the wrong purpose (uses tooth brush to wash face).

Answer 34

Ideational Apraxia

Question 35

What type of Apraxia is a right lesion parietal association? This is the inability to produce two or three dimensional forms by drawing or construction. The patient is unable manipulate environment effectively due to inability to construct things from component parts. It is assessed by asking patient to draw, copy, match building blocks, pegboard configurations, etc.

Answer 35

Constructional Apraxia

Question 36

What type of Apraxia is a right lesion parietal association? This is the inability to dress oneself properly owing to combination of body scheme and motor planning deficits. It is assessed through clinical observation and treated through functional approach of chaining sequence pattern for dressing and repetition. This is often thought to be due to a combination of body scheme disorders and constructional apraxia.

Answer 36

Dressing Apraxia