Unit 2_Sensory Perception Flashcards
CNS identification of a stimulus intensity is done by what?
frequency coding and population coding
What is stimulus intensity; amplitude of receptor potential; frequency of action potentials to CNS all increase linearly?
Frequency coding
What is it called when stronger stimuli activate more receptors which activate more axons (fibers) which tells CNS that the intensity has increased?
Population coding
What is integration and interpretation of information received from sensory receptors?
“Making sense of one’s senses”
Perception
What are the following?
- Primary Cortex
Direct processing - Secondary Association Cortex
First level of processing-name by sight - Tertiary Association Cortex
Complex integration-attach memories/emotions
Levels of perception complexity
What level of perception complexity deals with direct processing?
Primary Cortex
What level of perception complexity deals with the first level of processing-name by sight?
Secondary Association Cortex
What level of perception deals with complex integration-attach memories/emotions?
Tertiary Association Cortex
What functional area of the occipital lobe is located in the calcarine fissure with the role of visual reception?
Primary Visual Area
What functional area of the occipital lobe includes the roles of Synthesis & Integration, Perception, Visual Memory Traces and Visuokinetic motor engrams?
Secondary Association Area
What functional area of the temporal lobe is located in the Superior Temporal Gyrus and includes the role of Auditory Reception?
Primary Auditory Area
What functional area of the temporal lobe is located in Wernicke’s Area and includes the roles of Language Comprehension and Perception of music?
Secondary Association Area
What functional area of the temporal lobe is located in the Temporal pole, parahippocampus and includes the roles of Consolidation of Memory and
Higher Order Learning?
Tertiary Association Area
What functional area of the parietal lobe is located in the Postcentral Gyrus and includes the roles of Fine touch, Pain, Proprioception?
Primary Sensory Area
What functional area of the parietal lobe is located in the Superior Parietal Lobe and includes the roles of coordination, integration, and stereognosis?
Secondary Sensory Assocation Area
What functional area of the parietal lobe is located in the Inferior Parietal Lobe and includes the roles of Further recognition, Praxis, Body Scheme and Language?
Tertiary Assocation Area
Where will lesions from most perceptual impairments will come from?
RIGHT parietal lobe
(the persons non-dominant hemisphere)
What body scheme/body image disorder (non-dominant/Right Parietal association) is a deficit affecting the individual’s awareness of the body half and the extrapersonal space contralateral to the lesion? This occurs even with intact vision but may be exacerbated by hemianopsias.
Unilateral neglect
What body scheme/body image disorder (non-dominant/Right Parietal association) is an inability to discriminate between left and right?
Right/left discrimination
What body scheme/body image disorder (non-dominant/Right Parietal association) is an inability to recognize sensory inputs? Patients deny the existence of their affected extremities and or deny their deficits completely.
Anosognosia
What type of visual anosognosia found in the Occipital lobe and is a cognitive disorder of face perception in which the ability to recognize familiar faces, including one’s own face (self-recognition))?
Visual Agnosias
What are two types of visual agnosias?
Prosopagnosia
Color Agnosia
What type of anosognosia is found in the Temporal lobe?
Auditory Agnosia
What type of anosognosia is found in the Parietal lobe?
Tactile Agnosia/Asterognosis
What kind of perceptual impairment are the following disorders?
Topographic Disorientation
Form
Space
Figure-Ground Discrimination
Spatial Relations
Position in Space
Visuospatial Disorders (non-dominant/Right parietal and occipital association)
What perceptual impairment is an inability to navigate environment?
Topographic Disorientation
What perceptual impairment refers to the ability to identify or sort objects, shapes, symbols, letters, and/or words, despite differences in size or position?
Form
What perceptual impairment is a perception that the world remains stable despite eye movements?
Space
What Visuospatial Disorder is the inability to perceive the foreground from the background?
Figure-Ground Discrimination
What Visuospatial Disorder is the inability to recall the location and relationships of objects and places?
Spatial Relations
What Visuospatial Disorder is the inability to correctly use and understanding of words such as up, down, underneath, etc.?
Position in Space
What perceptual impairment is the inability to execute a voluntary motor movement despite being able to demonstrate normal muscle function? This is not related to a lack of understanding or to any kind of physical paralysis; rather, it is caused by a problem in the cortex of the brain.
Apraxia (parietal and frontal cortex only)
What type of Apraxia is a left lesion in pre-frontal or supplementary or post-parietal association? This is a breakdown between concept and performance - unable to perform task on command even though patient can describe how to perform the task and can sometimes perform it automatically. It is evaluated by asking the patient to perform the task to command and observation of same task when not requested.
Ideomotor Apraxia
What type of Apraxia is a left lesion in parietal association? This is a failure of the conceptualization of the task - cannot perform task automatically or on command. A patient cannot explain how to accomplish a purposeful activity and often attempts to use objects for the wrong purpose (uses tooth brush to wash face).
Ideational Apraxia
What type of Apraxia is a right lesion parietal association? This is the inability to produce two or three dimensional forms by drawing or construction. The patient is unable manipulate environment effectively due to inability to construct things from component parts. It is assessed by asking patient to draw, copy, match building blocks, pegboard configurations, etc.
Constructional Apraxia
What type of Apraxia is a right lesion parietal association? This is the inability to dress oneself properly owing to combination of body scheme and motor planning deficits. It is assessed through clinical observation and treated through functional approach of chaining sequence pattern for dressing and repetition. This is often thought to be due to a combination of body scheme disorders and constructional apraxia.
Dressing Apraxia
