Unit 2_Special Senses: Olfaction & Taste Flashcards
What does olfactory input bypass on way to olfactory cortex?
Thalamus
What kind of mucus layer lines the nasal cavity?
Epithelium
What are Chemoreceptors, specialized bipolar neurons (1st order neurons), located in mucous membrane in nasal cavity, sloughed off and replaced every 60 days, hairs or cilia react to odors in the air-rapidly adapting?
Olfaction Receptor Cells
What bind with specific receptors that control indirectly gated synapses?
Oderants
Each odorant is recognized by what?
A unique combination of receptors
What are the following structures included in:
cingulate gyrus,
parahippocampal gyrus,
uncus, the subcallosal gyrus,
amygdala and
hippocampal formation.
The Limbic Lobe
What are the following structures as part of the primary olfactory areas involved in:
Anterior olfactory nucleus
Amygdala
Olfactory tubercle
Piriform cortex
Entorhinal cortex
emotion and memory
What do the following steps describe:
Enters skull through cribriform plate
Olfactory bulb (CN I) – inferior surface of frontal lobe
Bulb contains 2nd order neurons
Bulb cells send axons in Olfactory Tract
Olfactory Pathway
What tract separates into Medial and Lateral Striae, includes fibers to opposite olfactory bulb and olfactory cortex-inferior temporal lobe, majority of axons remain ipsilateral, and there is no relay through the thalamus?
Olfactory Tract/Pathway
What structure helps with formation of memory based on efferent information that travels from the Olfactory cortex?
Hippocampus
What structure helps with formation of autonomic response based on efferent information that travels from the Olfactory cortex?
Hypothalamus
What structure(s) helps with formation of emotional response based on efferent information that travels from the Olfactory cortex?
Amygdala & Limbic
What structure helps with coordination of different neural responses based on efferent information that travels from the Olfactory cortex?
Epithalamus and Ventral Striatum
What patients may have a change in smell sensation due to the olfactory tubercle is very close to the basal ganglion?
Individuals with movement disorders (Parkinsonism’s)
What may cause leak of CSF (CSF rhinorrhea) and a route for bacteria to enter brain?
Fracture of anterior cranial fossa-anosmia
Which of the following sensory pathways is responsible for transmitting pain sensation to the periaquaductal gray matter to trigger endogenous pain responses?
Dorsal column medial leminiscal
Spinothalamic
Spinomesencephalic
Spinoreticular
Spinomesencephalic
Where do second order neurons in the dorsal column medial leminiscal pathway cross in the central nervous system?
Medulla secondary decussation
Which fiber types travel along the medial bundles of the dorsal spinal root?
Type Ia and Ib
Which of the following receptor types respond to changes in heat?
Mechanoreceptors
Thermoreceptors
Chemoreceptors
Nociceptors
Thermoreceptors
What cranial nerves are involved in taste?
Facial (VII) and Glossopharyngeal (IX)
What term is synonymous with taste?
Gustatory
What are non-neural, taste cells contacts tastants with microvilli in the taste pore, are located in mucous membrane in nasal cavity, replaced days to weeks (short-lived), and taste cells are specific?
1) sweet, 2) salty, 3) bitter, 4) sour, 5) umami (savory)
Gustatory Receptor Cells
What are the five types of taste that taste receptors can pick up?
1) sweet
2) salty
3) bitter
4) sour
5) umami (savory)
What act like chemoreceptors, taste cells pass information to afferent nerves? Taste is specific.
1) sweet, 2) salty, 3) bitter, 4) sour, 5) umami (savory)
Gustatory Afferent Cells
What is thought to be involved in this localization of flavors? The coincidence between taste, somatosensory stimulation of the tongue, and the retronasal passage of odorants into the nose is assumed to cause odorants to be perceived as flavors in the mouth. Sensations of flavor also frequently have a somatosensory component that includes the texture of food as well as sensations evoked by spicy or minty foods and by carbonation.
Somatosensory system
Sensations of flavor have what kind of component that includes the texture of food as well as sensations?
Examples: spicy or minty foods and carbonation.
a somatosensory component
What is the interaction of taste, somatosensory stimulation of the tongue, and the retronasal passage of odorants into the nose assumed to cause?
odorants to be perceived as flavors in the mouth
What pathway does not cross the CNS?
Gustatory (taste)
*like smell
What is the border between the anterior insula and the frontal operculum? It mediates the conscious perception and discrimination of taste stimuli.
Thalamus –> gustatory cortex pathway
What controls feeding behavior and autonomic responses?
Thalamus –> hypothalamus pathway
