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Neuroscience > Unit 1_Intro > Flashcards

Unit 1_Intro Flashcards

1
Q

What 3 systems is the nervous system divided into?

A

The peripheral nervous system (PNS)

The central nervous system (CNS)

The autonomic nervous system (ANS)

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2
Q

What nervous system consists of 12 pairs of cranial nerves and 31 pairs of spinal nerves their associated ganglia and peripheral end organs, and is outside the skeleton?

A

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

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3
Q

What kind of nerves are cranial nerves?

A

Peripheral Nerves

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4
Q

What nervous system consists of the brain (cerebrum, basal ganglia, diencephalon, brainstem and cerebellum) and spinal cord, and is enclosed in the skeletal system?

A

Central Nervous System (CNS)

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5
Q

What nervous system is formed inside of the bony vertebral column and skull?

A

Central Nervous System (CNS)

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6
Q

What nervous system is formed by the nervous system structures outside the vertebral column and skull?

A

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

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7
Q

What nervous system is not anatomically distinct but is functionally a separate entity? This is a system of specialized structures in the CNS and PNS whose main function is to provide internal homeostasis for an organism. (i.e. blood pressure regulation)

A

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

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8
Q

What autonomic function is also known as rest and digest?

A

Parasympathetic control

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9
Q

What autonomic function is also known as fight or flight?

A

Sympathetic control

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10
Q

What directional term means “toward the front of the head”?

A

Rostral

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11
Q

What directional term means “toward the tail”?

A

Caudal

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12
Q

What directional term means “superior” and “posterior”?

A

Dorsal

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13
Q

What directional term means “inferior” and “anterior”?

A

Ventral

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14
Q

What are the specialized cells that make up the nervous system?

A

Neurons and Glia

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15
Q

All neurons have ______ functional parts but don’t have _______ _________ _________.

A

similar

exact same structure

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16
Q

What is the basic cell or the functional unit of the nervous system?

A

Neuron

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17
Q

What type of glial cell is located in the CNS and does the following:

  1. Form supporting network in the brain
  2. Metabolic functions
  3. Form scars in response to injury

(blood brain barrier)

A

Astrocytes

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17
Q

What are the 5 different types of glial cells in the nervous system?

A

Astrocytes

Oligodendrocytes

Microglia

Ependymal cells

Schwann cells

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18
Q

What type of glial cell is located in the CNS and forms myelin sheaths around axons of nerves?

A

Oligodendrocytes

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19
Q

What type of glial cell is located in the CNS and engulfs and removes cellular debris?

A

Microglia

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20
Q

What type of glial cell is located in the CNS and lines the ventricles direct CSF flow?

A

Ependymal cells

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21
Q

What type of glial cell is located in the PNS and forms myelin sheaths around axons of nerves?

A

Schwann cells

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22
Q

What do concentrations of neuronal cell bodies constitute of the central nervous system?

A

Gray matter

23
Q

What is a well-defined collection of CNS neuronal cell bodies that perform similar functions and forms gray matter called?

A

Nuclei

24
Q

What are concentrations of neuronal cell bodies that form gray matter called in the peripheral nervous system?

A

Ganglia

25
Q

What are the cell bodies in the ganglia?

A

Cell bodies of pseudounipolar neurons

26
Q

What are the specialized cells that make up the nervous system?

A

Neurons and Glia

27
Q

What form the white matter pathways that travel throughout the CNS and also form the peripheral nerves? These also carry the electrical signals from one cell to another.

A

Neural Axons

28
Q

What is a collection of nerve axons (fibers) that transmits similar information may be referred to as in the CNS and PNS?

A

Tract or fasciculus in the CNS

Peripheral nerve in the PNS

29
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

A concept of equilibrium within human physiology

30
Q

In the central nervous system, what sends out nerves through the periphery in order to reach the different target organs that they may need to affect in order to regulate our homeostatic control and crosses both the central and peripheral nervous systems?

A

Autonomic centers (nuclei)

31
Q

What do dendrites attach to?

A

Cell body

32
Q

Where is the cellular nucleus that contains DNA, where proteins are created, organelles that exist in cellular function (i.e., Golgi, endoplasmic reticulum) found?

A

Cellular nucleus within the cell body

33
Q

What comes off the cell body and travels to its destination (i.e., muscle cell, neuron, another gland, organ, tissue) that the neuron is going to be communicating with?

A

Axon

34
Q

What little structure does an axon meet up with to pass along information to the other cell (i.e., muscle cell, neuron, another gland, organ, tissue)?

A

Synapses

35
Q

What region of neurons includes the dendrites and cell body area?

A

Input

36
Q

What region of neurons includes the cell body where the signals are going to be integrated and information is going to be processed?

A

Integrative

37
Q

What region of neurons includes the long axon?

A

Conductive

38
Q

What region of neurons includes the synapses and neurotransmitter?

A

Output

39
Q

What neuron is the model neuron most similar to?

A

Motor neuron

40
Q

What are the different types of neurons?

A

Model neuron

Sensory neuron

Motor neuron

Local interneuron

Projection interneuron

Neuroendocrine cell

41
Q

What is a strong, fatty substance that helps to insulate and protect axons and perform communication along the axons?

A

Myelin sheath

42
Q

What do a group of axons form when they join together?

A

White matter

43
Q

When the cell bodies of neurons get together, what do they form?

A

Gray matter

44
Q

An unstained coronal section of white matter through the brain appears what color?

A

White

45
Q

An unstained coronal section of gray matter through the brain appears what color?

A

Gray

46
Q

In the brainstem and the spinal cord, what color does the gray matter appear? This is not always true of the sections through the cerebrum.

A

White

47
Q

In the brainstem and the spinal cord, what color does the white matter appear? This is not always true of the sections through the cerebrum.

A

Gray

48
Q

What is a general term referring to a structure that often has a sensory function? With respect to a reference cell, any structure that brings information TOWARDS the reference cell.

A

Afferent

49
Q

What is a general term referring to a structure that often has a motor function? With respect to a reference cell, any structure that brings information AWAY from the reference cell.

A

Efferent

50
Q

Can neurons be both afferent and efferent?

A

Yes

51
Q

What extends from the level of the foramen magnum of the skull to approximately the level of the second lumbar vertebrae? This is due to the greater and more extended period of growth of the vertebrae during development.

A

The spinal cord

52
Q

What is the fluid filled cavity of the neural tube and is small at this level of the CNS at the spinal cord?

A

Central Canal

53
Q

At the central canal, what is an H shaped or butterfly shaped area which consists of cell bodies and dendrites of spinal neurons and the axons or axon terminals issuing from them or terminating upon them?

A

Gray matter (arranged in nuclei or columns)

54
Q

What is an outer fiber layer that surrounds the gray matter and consists of axons arranged in specific columns or tracts to carry information in both directions through the spinal cord?

A

White matter

Neuroscience (28 decks)

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