Unit 4: Understanding Ears and Eyes Flashcards
Name the sections of the eye:
Aqueous humour Cornea Pupil Lens Iris Conjunctiva Ciliary muscle Suspensory Ligament Retina Optic nerve Macular
What is the pupil?
The opening in the middle of the eye through which light passes
What does the Iris do?
Adjusts to control the amount of light entering through the pupil
What do tear glands do?
Produce tears to lubricate the eye and defend against infections
What does aqueous humour do?
Jelly like fluid that fills the eye. Keeps the eye’s shape and nourishes it.
What does the conjunctiva do?
A thin membrane that protects the cornea
What does the retina do?
Inner lining of the eye. Receives the light/images.
What is the macula?
The part of the retina that receives sharp images.
What does the optic nerve do?
The images are sent to the brain via this
What does the ciliary muscle do?
Enables the lense to stretch and squash to focus the light
What are suspensory ligaments?
Attach the lens to the ciliary muscle
What does the lens do?
Focuses the light entering the eye
Name the parts of the ear:
Ear drum Incus malleus stapes semi circular canals auditory nerve cochlea oval window round window eustachian tube
What is the ear drum?
Thin layer of tissue that receives sound vibrations and transmits them to the middle ear cavity
What do the stapes, incus and malleus do?
Small bones that amplify the sound waves and transmit the vibrations across the middle ear to the cochlea
What is the cochlea?
Looks like a snail shell.
Vibrations pass through the fluid in the cochlea and are converted to messages to be sent to the brain.
What is the organ of corti?
Rows of hair cells that convert sound vibrations into nerve impulses
What is the Eustachian tube?
Connects middle ear to throat.
Ensures the pressure inside the ear is equal to the pressure outside the ear
What is the round window?
Drum-like membrane
Vibrations from the oval window pass through into the cochlea
What is the auditory nerve?
Bundle of nerve fibres that carry hearing information between cochlea and the brain
What are the semi-circular canals and ampullae?
Motion sensors to help keep your balance
What is Glaucoma?
Caused by a build up of pressure in the eye when fluid from the aqueous humour is unable to drain properly.
Develops slowly over years - blurred vision - blindness
Risk factors for Glaucoma
Age
Ethnicity - African, Asian, Caribbean
Diabetes
What is AMD?
Age-related Macular Degeneration is where the Macular part of the retina is damaged. Make sharp focus hard - reading and facial features
Risk factors of Glaucoma
Smoking
High blood pressure
Being overweight
Family history
What is Cataracts?
Lens becomes cloudy/patchy leading to blurred or cloudy vision
Risk factors for cataracts
Diabetes
Exposure to UV light
Smoking
Family history
What is Retinopathy?
Blood vessels in the eye damaged - by diabetes - leads to blindness
Risk factors for retinopathy
Diabetes - high blood sugar
Causes of deafness
Exposure to loud noises over years
Viral infections damage the auditory nerve or hair cells in ear ear.
Treatment for Glaucoma
Daily eye drops
Regular monitoring
Laser treatment to open up blocked tubes or reduce fluid production
Treatment for dry AMD
Stop smoking
Eat green leafy vegetables
Dietary supplements
Support services to adapt to having sight problems
Treatment for wet AMD
Regular scans
Injections into the eye
Photodynamic therapy - destroy abnormal blood vessels
Treatment for cataracts
Surgery to remove the lens
treatment for retinopathy
Injections into eye
Laser treatment
Operation to remove scar tissue from eye
Treatment for hearing loss
Earwax can be sucked out or sorted with ear drops.
Implants
Different methods of communication may need to be learned
