Unit 4 Part 2 Flashcards
Proposed that childhood sexuality and unconscious motivations influence personality
Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic theory
Focused on our inner capacities for growth and self-fulfillment
Humanistic theories
Examine characteristic patterns of behavior
trait theories
Explore the interaction between people’s traits and their social context
social-cognitive theories
View human behavior as an interaction between the conscious and unconscious mind and the important of childhood experiences
Psychoanalytic-Psychodynamic theories of personality
Austrian neurologist who began his practice in the late 1800s
believed people have inborn nature he called he unconscious which shapes our personalty
Used hypnosis to help people talk thru problems
Used free association (person says whatever they are thinking to reveal hidden meaning
Strong emphasize on sexuality and aggression in childhood
His idea of development of the mind was compared to iceburg
Sigmund freud
The mind is mostly hidden in our unconscious below the surface
Freud’s iceburg analygy
Contains primal urges, seeks immediate gratification
Id
a psychoanalytic technique where a patient is encouraged to express their thoughts, feelings, and associations without censorship or judgment.
Free association
Disregards consequences and does what feels good
operates on pleasure principle
impulsive
The moral part
counters the socially undesirable impulses of the id
the source of your conscience
can create conflicts or guilt
operates on the morality principle
The superego
Balances the demands of the id and superego in socially acceptable ways
Develops at ages 2 to 3
operates on the reality principle
saving some food for later instead of eating it all now
The ego
What are the 5 psychosexual stages? and what are they?
Oral–want to put everything in mouth
Anal–can control bowel movements
Phallic–Genital stimulation and sexual identification
Latency–fixations and sexual feeling remain hidden
Genital
pleasure from actual sexual behavior
boy’s sexual desires towards his mother and feeling of jealousy and hatred for rival father
Oedipus complex
Ways the ego protects itself from unpleasant experiences
defense mechanism
This group
agrees with unconscious, id, ego, super ego, childhood influences, influence of anxiety and defense mechanism
rejects unconscious being kind and sex and aggression being dominant motivators–looked at influence of conscious and social factors. Rejected psychosexual stages
neo-freudians (psychodynamic)
Believed in the collective unconscious–a storehouse of urges, instincts, and memories of the entire human race
Carl Jung
Believed in Inferiority complex (overcompensation), strive for superiority by growing ourselves or tearing others down (wealth, status, good looks)
Alfred Adler
Emphasized love and security in forming healthy personality
Karen Horney
Whos assessments involved Hypnosis
Free Associaiton
Dreams analysis
Defense MEchanisms
Slips of the tongue–freudian slips
Freuds
a storehouse of urges, instincts, and memories of the entire human race
Collective Unconsiousness
to manage the potential for terror engendered by the awareness of mortality, humans sustain faith in worldviews which provide a sense that they are significant beings in an enduring, meaningful world rather than mere material animals fated only to obliteration upon death.
Terror-management theory
(Henry Murray) a projective test which people express their inner feelings and interests through stories they make up about ambiguous scenes
Thematic Apperception Test
Psychodynamic (unconscious forces) triggers projection of one’s inner dynamics to look at unconscious
Projective test
(Hermann Roschach) identify people’s inner feelings by analyzing how they interpret 10 inkblots
Rorschach Inkblot test
Who believed in these…
Pyramid of human needs
Embraces basic goodness in human nature
studied healthy personalities
Self-actualization (fulfilling potential) is an ongoing process, achievement is rare
Abraham Maslow
Person centered perspective
Carl rogers
Humanistic theories
Puramid of human needs from Maslow
Hierarchy of needs
the process of realizing one’s full potential, pursuing personal growth, and achieving self-fulfillment, representing the peak of human development.
Self-actualization
the experience of going beyond one’s own self and limitations, often involving a sense of connection to something larger than oneself, like humanity, nature, or a higher power.
Self-transcendence
Believed that self-concept (who we are) is the center of personality
Our real self is what others see
Our ideal self is who we want to be
Believed in unconditional positive regard
Carl Rogers
Accepting and supporting someone no matter what they say or do
acceptance–genuineness–empathy (growth environment)
Unconditional positive regard
a collection of beliefs about oneself. Generally, self-concept embodies the answer to the question “Who am I?”.
Self-concept
A characteristic pattern of behavior or a disposition to feel and act in certain ways, as assessed by self-report inventories and peer reports
Trait
a self-report questionnaire designed to assess an individual’s personality traits, behaviors, and attitudes by asking questions about thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.
Personality inventory
a widely used psychological assessment tool designed to evaluate personality traits and psychopathology, primarily used by mental health professionals to aid in diagnosis and treatment planning
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
type of assessment tool that is developed based on objective data and evidence, rather than theoretical assumptions or intuition.
Empirically derived test
who describes personality as an amalgamation of five basic traits namely: Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism
Robert McCrae
Paul Costa
CANOE (conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness, extraversion
Big five factors
Personality is the interaction of our traits and thinking and our social context
Behaviors+Internal personal thoughts (cognitions)+environmental factors (who we hang out with, where we live)=US(who we are)
Social-cognitive perspective
proposed the behavioral approach and social-cognitive perspective
did bobo doll experiment (observational learning)
Albert Bandura
Focuses on the effects of learning on our personality developmnent
Behavioral approach
Interacting influences of behavior, internal cognition and our environment.
Recipirocal determinism
founder of functional psychology
William James
Center of the personality, the organizer of our thoughts, feelings, and actions
Self
Overestimating others’ noticing and evaluating our appearance, performance and blunders.
Spotlight effect
Feeling of high or low self worth
Self-esteem
One’s sense of competence and effectiveness
Self-efficacy
A readiness to perceive ourselves favorably
Self-serving bias
excessive self-love and self-absorption
Narcissism
giving priority to one’s own goals over group goals and defining one’s identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identifications
Individualism
Giving priority to the goals of one’s group (often one’s extended family or work group) and defining one’s identity accordingly
Collectivism
