Unit 2 Modules 2.3-2.7

Question 1

The persistence of learning over time through the encoding, storage, and retrieval of information

Answer 1

Memory

Question 2

What are the three steps in creating memories

Answer 2

encoding
storage
retrieval

Question 3

The initial learning (3 types)

Answer 3

encoding

Question 4

Maintaining the memory

Answer 4

storage

Question 5

Information from storage

Answer 5

Retrieval

Question 6

Part of retrieval:
What are the three ways to measure retention and show that you have it in your memory and can get it out of storage

Answer 6

Recall
recognition
relearning

Question 7

Is the retrieval of previous learning. Example: Fill in the blank or essay question

Answer 7

recall

Question 8

Is the identification of learned items. Example: Multiple-shoice questions. Our ability to recognize information is vital

Answer 8

recognition

Question 9

Measures how much faster material that has been forgotten can be learned again

Answer 9

relearning

Question 10

Who discovered this?
Learning curve! Nonsense syllables? Example: If it took four hours to memorize a speech at the beginning of the school year, but at the end of the year, it only took one hour to relearn it. The three hours you saved is known as your _______ score

Answer 10

Hermann Ebbinghaus
saving

Question 11

Memory models
_____: get information in
_____: retains the information
_____: later get the information back out of the brain

Answer 11

encode
store
retreive

Question 12

Brains natural mode- processes many aspects simultaneously

Answer 12

parallel processing

Question 13

Storage includes:
_______: immediate and brief memory from our senses
_______: brief few items (working memory-newer version-conscious active processing.)
_______: limitless knowledge, skills, experiences.

Answer 13

Sensory memory
Short-term memory
Long-term memory

Question 14

______: A split-second holding tank
This gives the brain ____ time–if the information is important, it moves to the ___-___ /______memory
It also prevents us from being overwhelmed
Records images of scenes of echoes of _______.
Iconic-visual: ___ of a second
Echoic-auditory: - seconds

Answer 14

sensory memory
decision
short-term/working
sounds
.5
3-4

Question 15

In your conscious mind- it’s brief and holds a few items that later get stored or forgotten

Answer 15

Short-term or working memory

Question 16

Repeating information to hold onto it for more than a few seconds
part of short-term/working memory

Answer 16

Maintenance rehearsal

Question 17

We can remember about ___ items (plus or minus 2) without rehearsal

Answer 17

7

Question 18

Short-term/working memory is extremely vulnerable to ______ or interference

Answer 18

interruption

Question 19

Say there is a hypothetical central executive in working memory that coordinates new info in working memory with info in long term and makes sense out of it. It acts like a kind of ___ _____ for stimuli, but disappears quickly (10-30 sec)
What is this describing?
The central executive coordinates the activities of the phonological ___ and the visuospatial sketchpad.

Answer 19

mental scratchpad
Alan Baddeley model of working memory
loop

Question 20

Briefly holds auditory information

Answer 20

phonological loop

Question 21

Holds objects appearance and place in space

Answer 21

visuospatial sketchpad

Question 22

The formation of new neurons. While learning is occurring we experience the forming of new pathways and neural interconnections are strengthened. This biological process happens through neurogenesis and long term potential (LTP)

Answer 22

neurogenesis

Question 23

What happens in the synapse due to memory? ______ ____ ________ an increase in cell’s ____ potential after learning. The _____ grows more receptors to receive more information. This is a biological basis for learning and ______.

Answer 23

long term potentiation
firing
dendrite
memory