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Biodiversity > Unit 4 PAL > Flashcards

Unit 4 PAL Flashcards

1
Q

characteristics of animals

A
  • multicellular eukaryotes
  • no cell walls
  • heterotrophic
  • internal digestion
  • movement
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2
Q

list 5 sources of information for the evolutionary relationships among animal groups

A
  • fossils
  • patterns of embryonic development
  • morphology and physiology
  • protein structure
  • gene sequences
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3
Q

diploblastic

A

two tissue layers (ecto and endo)

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4
Q

triploblastic

A

three tissue layers (endo, ecto, meso)

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5
Q

protostome

A

mouth first

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6
Q

deuterostome

A

mouth second

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7
Q

coelomate

A

body cavity within mesoderm

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8
Q

acoelomate

A

no fluid filled body cavity

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9
Q

pseudocoelomate

A

have a body cavity, but not wrapped on both sides with mesoderm

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10
Q

why was segmentation beneficial?

A
  • allowed for specialization of regions

- helped control movement

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11
Q

what role did locomotion play in the Cambrian explosion (“explosion of diversity”)

A
  • beneficial for
  • –finding food and mates
  • –avoiding predators
  • movement led to a huge increase in the need for energy which in turn led to predator-prey coevolution
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12
Q

what was the common ancestor of animals

A

-colonial flagellate protist

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13
Q

describe platyhelminthes

A

flatworms, dorsoventrally flattened, blind gut

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14
Q

describe rotifers

A

very small, complete gut, pseudocoel, cilia

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15
Q

describe bryozoan

A

moss animals, filter feeders, 1-2 mm, form colonies, sessile

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16
Q

describe brachiopods

A
  • two part shells

- peaked in paleozoic and mesozoic (450 species left)

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17
Q

brachiopod shell

A
  • two shell halves are dorsal and ventral

- resemble bivalve mollusks but shell is product of convergent evolution

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18
Q

what are the classes within phylum mollusca?

A

polyplacophora, gastropoda, bivalves, cephalopoda

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19
Q

polyplacophora

A

chitins

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20
Q

gastropoda

A

snails, slugs

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21
Q

bivalves

A

clams, oysters, scallops

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22
Q

cephalopoda

A

squids, octopuses, chambered nautilus

23
Q

what is the visceral mass

A

mass containing heart, digestive, excretory, and reproductive

24
Q

describe polyplacophora

A

chitins

  • 8 calcareous plates (protection)
  • marine
  • use radula for feeding (scapes rocks)
  • clings to rocks with muscular foot
25
Q

describe gastropoda

A

snails and slugs

  • some are toxic
  • only mollusks that live in terrestrial habitat
26
Q

describe bivalves

A

clams, oysters, scallops, and mussels

  • 30,000 species
  • hinged, two part shell, use foot to burrow into sand
  • feed with siphon
27
Q

describe siphon feeding

A
  • water and food in through incurrent siphon

- water out through excurrent siphon

28
Q

describe cephalopods

A

squids, octopus, chambered nautilus

  • modified excurrent siphon
  • eyes similar to vertebrates
  • use arms and tentacles to capture food
  • most retain small internal shell for support
  • -pen
29
Q

modified excurrent sipon allows for

A

jet propulsion

30
Q

what are the classes within phylum annelida?

A

oligochaetes, polychaetes, hirudinea

31
Q

oligochaetes

A

earthworms

32
Q

polychaetes

A

mostly marine worms

33
Q

hirudinea

A

leeches

34
Q

describe oligochaetes

A

earthworms

  • don’t have parapodia, eyes, or tentacles
  • few setae
  • burrow in and digest soil
  • hermaphroditic
35
Q

describe polychaetes

A
  • marine
  • burrowing
  • parapodia on each segment
36
Q

describe hirudinea

A

leeches

  • lack parapodia
  • no obvious segments
  • suckers
37
Q

list the unifying characteristics of ecdysozoans

A
  • cuticle
  • shed their cuticle to grow
  • “molting” evolved only once
  • all have single common ancestor
38
Q

nematoda includes

A

roundworms and horsehair worms

39
Q

how do ecdysozoans grow

A

molting

40
Q

describe roundworms

A
  • gas exchange through cuiticle
  • moist environ
  • abundant
  • microscopic
  • elphatiasis
41
Q

describe horsehair worms

A
  • thin
  • can grow up to a meter long
  • larvae are intestinal parasites of insects
42
Q

describe tardigrades

A

water bears

  • 8 fleshy legs
  • live in sands and water films on plants and lichens
43
Q

describe onchyophorans

A

velvet worms

  • live in decomposing leaves in humid tropics
  • resemble arthropod ancestors
44
Q

describe arthropod exoskeleton

A
  • cuticle
  • made of chiton
  • protects from dessication and predators
45
Q

describe arthropods

A
  • exoskeleton
  • muscles attached to exoskeleton
  • segmented
  • jointed appendages
46
Q

describe chelicerates (subphylum)

A
  • merostomata (horseshoe crabs)
  • arachnida (spiders, scorpions, ticks)
  • mouthpart appendages (chelicerae)
  • four pairs of walking legs
47
Q

describe chelicerae

A

for grasping, inject venom

48
Q

myriopods classes

A
  • chilopoda

- diplopoda

49
Q

myriopods have what instead of chelicerates

A

mandible

50
Q

chilopoda

A

centipedes (2 leg/segment)

51
Q

diplopoda

A

millipedes (4 leg/segment)

52
Q

describe crustacea

A

marine, freshwater, and terrestrial

shrimp, lobster, crabs, and barnacles

53
Q

describe hexapoda

A

class insecta, segmented, head has one pair of antennae, thorax has three pairs of legs and two sets of wings, abdomen doesn’t have appendages, nerve cord

Biodiversity (12 decks)

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