Lab Test 4 Flashcards
What make up the deuterostomes?
Echinodermata and Chordata
Echinoderms occur exclusively in
marine habitats
What is the endoskeleton of echinoderms comprised of?
small calcareous plates called ossicles
Do sea cucumbers have few or many ossicles?
few
What does echinodermata mean?
spiny skin
What are echinoderms characterized by?
water vascular system
Water vascular system
composed of internal canals and forms tube feet
What are used for locomotion in echinoderms?
tube feet
Brittle stars class
Ophiuroidea
Sea cucumber class
Holothuroidea
Sea urchin class
Echinoidea
Heart urchin class
Echinoidea
Sand dollar class
Echinoidea
Starfish class
Asteroidea
Sea stars class
Asteroidea
What is the mode of action of the water vascular system in echinodermata?
1.) Water enters through the madreporite
Madreporite => Stone canal => Radial Canal (one on each ray) => Ampullae => Tube Feet => Locomotion
How do the ampullae and tube feet act to affect locomotion in echinodermata?
The ampullae contracts, sending water into the tube feet which stretch as water is brought into them. Thus, allowing for a slow form of locomotion.
How do the tube feet aid in food acquisition in echinodermata?
They use their tube feet to grab onto prey, such as the shells of bivalves, then pry them open. They then digest their food externally by expelling their stomachs out of their mouth.
How do the tube feet aid in food acquisition in adhering to solid objects?
same as suckers
chordates united by presence of
pharyngeal gill slits, notochord, dorsal hollow nerve cord, post anal tail
tunicates and sea squirts phylum and subphylum
chordata
urochordata
fish like Amphioxis (Branchiostoma) phylum and subphylum
chordata
Cephalochordata
animals with a bony skeleton phylum and subphylum
chordata
vertebrata
fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals phylum and subphylum
chordata
vertebrata
what are the most diverse group of all the deuterostomes?
vertebrates
lacked jaws and paired appendages
class agnatha
had jaws and two pairs of appendages and evolved soon
class chondrichthyes and osteichthyes
important themes in vertebrate evolution
- modification of gill arches to form jaws and other structures
- modification of appendages from swimming fins to walking appendages, wings, hands
sea lampreys subphylum and class
vertebrata
agnatha
sharks, rays, skates subphylum and class
vertebrata
chondrichthyes
bony fish subphylum and class
vertebrata
osteichthyes
amphibians subphylum and class
vertebrata
amphibia
birds subphylum and class
vertebrata
aves
jawless fish including hagfish and lamprey class
superclass- cyclostomata
how do jawless fish feed?
suction action of muscular pharynx
jawless fish exhibit what
notochord that provides rigid support for dorsal nerve cord
chondrichthyes skeleton composed of
cartilage
chrondrichthyes characteristics
jaws and paired appendages
osteichtyes characteristics
- more species than all vertebrates
- jaws
- gills
what protects the gills in bony fish?
operculum
bony fish unique organ
sensory organ= lateral line
what is the purpose of the lateral line?
enhances balance and orientation in the water column
How do bony fish maintain buoyancy?
gas filled, membranous sac - swim bladder
first group of vertebrates to invade terrestrial landscape
amphibia
characteristics of amphibians
- two legs homologous to fins
- lungs
- gas exchange through skin
- fertilization in water
-vertebrate diversification on land led to
amniote egg
amniotes include
lizards, snakes, turtles, dinosaurs, birds, mammals
the class reptilia is
paraphyletic
lizards, snakes, turtles, crocodiles subphylum and class
vertebrata
reptilia
reptilia exhibit
- amniote egg
- internal fertilization
- horny scales
- lungs
horny scales- reptilia
enhance water conservation
birds morphology
- wings
- feathers
- sternum and pectoral muscles for flight
- 4 chambered heart
- 1 lung and ovary
- no teeth
wings
forelimbs modified
feathers
enhance surface area for flight
mammals characteristics
- fur
- mammary glands
- live birth
- tooth structure lineage
- high metabolic rate
- 4 chambered heart
- constant temp
mammal homologous structures to gill arches
jaws (hyoid bone), palate, three middle ear bones, larynx, tracheal rings
