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Biodiversity > Lab Test 4 > Flashcards

Lab Test 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What make up the deuterostomes?

A

Echinodermata and Chordata

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2
Q

Echinoderms occur exclusively in

A

marine habitats

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3
Q

What is the endoskeleton of echinoderms comprised of?

A

small calcareous plates called ossicles

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4
Q

Do sea cucumbers have few or many ossicles?

A

few

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5
Q

What does echinodermata mean?

A

spiny skin

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6
Q

What are echinoderms characterized by?

A

water vascular system

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7
Q

Water vascular system

A

composed of internal canals and forms tube feet

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8
Q

What are used for locomotion in echinoderms?

A

tube feet

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9
Q

Brittle stars class

A

Ophiuroidea

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10
Q

Sea cucumber class

A

Holothuroidea

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11
Q

Sea urchin class

A

Echinoidea

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12
Q

Heart urchin class

A

Echinoidea

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13
Q

Sand dollar class

A

Echinoidea

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14
Q

Starfish class

A

Asteroidea

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15
Q

Sea stars class

A

Asteroidea

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16
Q

What is the mode of action of the water vascular system in echinodermata?

A

1.) Water enters through the madreporite

Madreporite => Stone canal => Radial Canal (one on each ray) => Ampullae => Tube Feet => Locomotion

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17
Q

How do the ampullae and tube feet act to affect locomotion in echinodermata?

A

The ampullae contracts, sending water into the tube feet which stretch as water is brought into them. Thus, allowing for a slow form of locomotion.

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18
Q

How do the tube feet aid in food acquisition in echinodermata?

A

They use their tube feet to grab onto prey, such as the shells of bivalves, then pry them open. They then digest their food externally by expelling their stomachs out of their mouth.

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19
Q

How do the tube feet aid in food acquisition in adhering to solid objects?

A

same as suckers

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20
Q

chordates united by presence of

A

pharyngeal gill slits, notochord, dorsal hollow nerve cord, post anal tail

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21
Q

tunicates and sea squirts phylum and subphylum

A

chordata

urochordata

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22
Q

fish like Amphioxis (Branchiostoma) phylum and subphylum

A

chordata

Cephalochordata

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23
Q

animals with a bony skeleton phylum and subphylum

A

chordata

vertebrata

24
Q

fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals phylum and subphylum

A

chordata

vertebrata

25
Q

what are the most diverse group of all the deuterostomes?

A

vertebrates

26
Q

lacked jaws and paired appendages

A

class agnatha

27
Q

had jaws and two pairs of appendages and evolved soon

A

class chondrichthyes and osteichthyes

28
Q

important themes in vertebrate evolution

A
  • modification of gill arches to form jaws and other structures
  • modification of appendages from swimming fins to walking appendages, wings, hands
29
Q

sea lampreys subphylum and class

A

vertebrata

agnatha

30
Q

sharks, rays, skates subphylum and class

A

vertebrata

chondrichthyes

31
Q

bony fish subphylum and class

A

vertebrata

osteichthyes

32
Q

amphibians subphylum and class

A

vertebrata

amphibia

33
Q

birds subphylum and class

A

vertebrata

aves

34
Q

jawless fish including hagfish and lamprey class

A

superclass- cyclostomata

35
Q

how do jawless fish feed?

A

suction action of muscular pharynx

36
Q

jawless fish exhibit what

A

notochord that provides rigid support for dorsal nerve cord

37
Q

chondrichthyes skeleton composed of

A

cartilage

38
Q

chrondrichthyes characteristics

A

jaws and paired appendages

39
Q

osteichtyes characteristics

A
  • more species than all vertebrates
  • jaws
  • gills
40
Q

what protects the gills in bony fish?

A

operculum

41
Q

bony fish unique organ

A

sensory organ= lateral line

42
Q

what is the purpose of the lateral line?

A

enhances balance and orientation in the water column

43
Q

How do bony fish maintain buoyancy?

A

gas filled, membranous sac - swim bladder

44
Q

first group of vertebrates to invade terrestrial landscape

A

amphibia

45
Q

characteristics of amphibians

A
  • two legs homologous to fins
  • lungs
  • gas exchange through skin
  • fertilization in water
46
Q

-vertebrate diversification on land led to

A

amniote egg

47
Q

amniotes include

A

lizards, snakes, turtles, dinosaurs, birds, mammals

48
Q

the class reptilia is

A

paraphyletic

49
Q

lizards, snakes, turtles, crocodiles subphylum and class

A

vertebrata

reptilia

50
Q

reptilia exhibit

A
  • amniote egg
  • internal fertilization
  • horny scales
  • lungs
51
Q

horny scales- reptilia

A

enhance water conservation

52
Q

birds morphology

A
  • wings
  • feathers
  • sternum and pectoral muscles for flight
  • 4 chambered heart
  • 1 lung and ovary
  • no teeth
53
Q

wings

A

forelimbs modified

54
Q

feathers

A

enhance surface area for flight

55
Q

mammals characteristics

A
  • fur
  • mammary glands
  • live birth
  • tooth structure lineage
  • high metabolic rate
  • 4 chambered heart
  • constant temp
56
Q

mammal homologous structures to gill arches

A

jaws (hyoid bone), palate, three middle ear bones, larynx, tracheal rings

Biodiversity (12 decks)

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