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health and social care > unit 4 lo6 > Flashcards

unit 4 lo6 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the function of the pupil?

A

an opening in the middle of the iris that allows light to be transmitted into the retina

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2
Q

what is the function of the iris?

A

the coloured part of the eye that helps control the amount of light that enters the light

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3
Q

what are the function of the tear glands?

A

produces liquid to moisten the surface of the eye

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4
Q

what is the function of the humours/fluids ?

A

the fluid that fills the space in the eye that lies between the cornea and the iris

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5
Q

what is the function of the conjuctiva?

A

the thin membrane that covers the outer surface of the eye and inside of the eyeballs

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6
Q

what is the function of the cornea?

A

the outer layer that covers the front of the eyr

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7
Q

what is the function of the retina?

A

the lining at the back of the eye that contains cells which are sensitive to light

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8
Q

what is the function of the macula?

A

part of the retina at the back of the eye and it is responsible for the detailed central and colour vision.

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9
Q

what is the function of the optic nerve?

A

situated at the back of the eye and transmits electrical impulses to the brain whic interpretates the message to images

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10
Q

What are the ciliary muscles?

A

a circular muscle that is located in the eyes middle layer that enables the lens to change shape for focusing on near and distant objects.

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11
Q

what is the function of the lens?

A

This is located behind the pupil in the eye which enables vision by focusing the light that enters the eye onto the retina

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12
Q

what is the cause of retinopathy?

A

a complication of diabetes
high blood sugar can damage the blood vessels overtime which start to bleed into the eye. scar tissue and new weak blood vessels start to grow over the retina, stopping light hitting the retina and causing loss of vision

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13
Q

what are the symptoms of retinopathy?

A

shapes floating in your field of vision
blurred or patchy vision
sudden vision loss
eye pain or redness

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14
Q

what are the risk factors of retinopathy?

A

diabetes
high blood pressure
high cholesterol
pregnant

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15
Q

how is retinopathy monitored/diagnosed?

A

diabetic eye screening

photos of the retina are taken

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16
Q

how can retinopathy be treated?

A

Laser treatment which removes the new blood vessels growing at the back of the eye. cannot make vision better but can stop it getting worse
eye injections to stop new blood vessels forming in the back of the eye
eye surgery to remove blood and scar tissue from the eye

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17
Q

how is age related macular degeneration caused?

A

aging on the macular where the blood vessels become weaker and stop supplying oxygen to this part of the eye

18
Q

what are the symptoms of AMD?

A

seeing straight lines as wavy or crooked
objects looking smaller than usual
colours seeming less bright

19
Q

how is AMD monitored and diagnosed?

A

a magnifying glass and a light to look for damage on the macula and a vision test to check for distortions in gaps of vision

20
Q

how is AMD treated?

A

eye injections every one or two months until it stops getting worse but can cause irritation and bleeding in the eye
photodynamic therapy where a light is shined into the back of the eye to destroy the abnormal blood vessels which cause wet AMD and will need to be repeated every few months

21
Q

how is glaucoma caused?

A

fluid building up in the front part of the eye which therefore increases the pressure inside of the eye

22
Q

what are the symptoms of glaucoma ?

A

affects your peripheral vision

may see rainbow colour circles

23
Q

how is glaucoma monitored / diagnosed?

A

eye pressure test where a small amount of dye is put into the eye and a puff of air is blown in
optic nerve assessment as glucoma damages the optic nerve so the back of the eye is examined
visual field test which checks for missing areas of vision. they have to press a button to indicate which light spots they can see

24
Q

how is glaucoma treated?

A

eye drops which reduce pressure in the eye. more than one may need to be used at the same time
surgery which involves removing part of the eye drainage tubes to allow fluid to drain more easily. most people will no longer need to use eye drops after and they shouldnt be in much pain

25
Q

what is cataracts?

A

when the lens inside the eye develops cloudy patches

26
Q

what are the symptoms of cataracts ?

A

blurred vision
light seeming too bright
colours look faded

27
Q

how is cataracts diagnosed?

A

visual acuity testing and visual field testing to check the sharpness and clarity of vision and peripheral vision

28
Q

how is cataracts treated?

A

surgery to remove the lens with a plastic one however it doesnt bend to focus like a normal one so you may still need to wear stronger lenses aftrewards

29
Q

what are some of the care needs for an individual with vision issues?

A 
cane 
guide dog
braille
driving and kitchen adaptations
lots of lighting 
bigger text and writing
30
Q

what are the semi circular canals ?

A

located within the inner ear and are responsible for balance

31
Q

what is the function of the ear drum

A

vibrates when sound hits it

32
Q

what is the function of the ossicles

A

bones that are loacted in the middle ear the incus, malleus and the stapes

33
Q

what is the function of the cochlea ?

A

the inner part of the ear containing the organ of corti which is the receptor organ for hearing

34
Q

what does the inner ear consist of?

A

semi circular canals (responsible for balance) and cochlea (responsible for hearing)

35
Q

what is the round window?

A

one of two openings from middle ear into the inner ear. is sealed with a membrane where vibrations enter through the inner ear

36
Q

what is the function of the eustachian tube?

A

equalises the pressure on each side of the ear drum

37
Q

what is the function of the auditory nerve?

A

sends signals from organ of corti to brain

38
Q

what is the organ of corti?

A

situated in the cochlea which is in the inner part of the ear and is the receptor organ for hearing

39
Q

what is the ampullae?

A

has tiny hairs to help the brain detect motion for balance

40
Q

what is the differnce between conductive and sensorineural hearing loss

A

when somthing prevents the conduction of sound waves

damage to hearing nerve

41
Q

what tests are carried out to diagnose deafness

A

pure tone audiometry- measure pitch and volume

speech perception tests

42
Q

what options are available for hearing loss

A

hearing aids
cochler implants
assistive listening device
sign language

health and social care (11 decks)

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