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health and social care > unit 4 Lo2 > Flashcards

unit 4 Lo2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is asthma?

A

swelling and inflammation of the bronchi carrying air in and out of the lungs

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2
Q

what causes asthma?

A

allergies
triggers such as chemicals and dust
exposure to smoke
exercise

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3
Q

what are the symptoms of asthma

A

breathlessness, tightness of chest, wheezing

asthma attacks

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4
Q

How is asthma diagnosed and monitored?

A

By a peak flow test

blow into a hand held device that measures how fast you can breathe out

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5
Q

How is asthma treated?

A

Preventative inhaler - regualrly to relive reduce inflammation
reliver inhaler- immediate relief

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6
Q

What is emphysema?

A

The alveoli becomes permanently damaged making it difficult to obtain oxygen
often caused by smoking

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7
Q

What are the symptoms of emphysema?

A

shortness of breath
lips and nails turn bluish grey
not mentally alert
persistent cough

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8
Q

How is emphysema monitored/ diagnosed

A

Spirometry- measures the volume of air breathed out in total and the force within the first second

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9
Q

How is emphysema treated?

A

physiotherapy
oxygen therapy- portable oxygen tank fir when at home if necessary
pulmonary rehabilitation

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10
Q

what impacts on lifestyle/changes does emphysema have

A

stop smoking
may need to move to a one story home
oxygen cylinder
difficulty completing daily tasks

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11
Q

What is cystic fibrosis?

A

When a thick mucus is produced which blocks the bronchioles and prevents movement of gasses
Also traps bacteria so infections are common

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12
Q

How is cystic fibrosis causes?

A

Defective gene on each pair of chromosomes

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13
Q

What are the symptoms/ effects of cystic fibrosis?

A 
poor weight gain
breathlessness/ wheezing
fertility issues
chest infections
difficulty absorbing nutrients
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14
Q

How is cystic fibrosis diagnosed?

A

Blood test- genes

sweat test- amount of saly

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15
Q

How is cystic fibrosis treated?

A

phsyiotherapy- consits of exercises in order to manipulate parts of the body
high calorie diet
lung transplant
air way cleaning devices in order to remove mucus

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16
Q

what are the life style changes/ impacts of cystic fibrosis?

A 
have to be careful when mixing with other people
regular hospital appointments
lots of medication
change diet
travel difficulties
lack of energy
17
Q

What is the larynx ?

A

voice box that sits above trachea

18
Q

What is the trachea?

A

connects the mouth to the lungs, air passes through

19
Q

What is the bronchi?

A

connects the trachea and the bronchioles

20
Q

What are the bronchioles?

A

become smaller as they get closer to lung tissue and eventually become alveoli

21
Q

What are the alveoli?

A

tiny air sacs where gas exhange takes place

22
Q

what is the diaphragm?

A

muscle at the bottom of the lungs

23
Q

what are the intercostal muscles?

A

move the chest cavity to allow expansion

24
Q

what are the pleural membranes?

A

two membranes around the lungs which allow lubrication

25
Q

what happens during inhaling/ inspiration?

A

the diaphragm contracts downwards so the space gets bigger

the pressure inside the lungs decreases which makes air rush in

26
Q

what happens during exhaling/ expiration

A

diaphragm relaxes and moves up so the space gets smaller

pressure increases and the air is pushed out

27
Q

How are the alveoli adapted for their role?

A

alveoli are one cell thick so oxygen can easily diffuse through
alveoli are made from epitheial cells
popcorn shaped which increases surfacs area

28
Q

What is cellular respiration

A

process that turns oxygen and glucose into a form of energy we can use called ATP
glucose+oxygen - c02 +ATP + heat + water

29
Q

What are the three parts of cellular respiration

A

glycosis- happens in cytoplasm
krebs cycle
electron transport chain

30
Q

what is anaerobic respiration

A

no oxygen
used durinf exercise
produces less atp

health and social care (11 decks)

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