unit 4 Lo2 Flashcards
What is asthma?
swelling and inflammation of the bronchi carrying air in and out of the lungs
what causes asthma?
allergies
triggers such as chemicals and dust
exposure to smoke
exercise
what are the symptoms of asthma
breathlessness, tightness of chest, wheezing
asthma attacks
How is asthma diagnosed and monitored?
By a peak flow test
blow into a hand held device that measures how fast you can breathe out
How is asthma treated?
Preventative inhaler - regualrly to relive reduce inflammation
reliver inhaler- immediate relief
What is emphysema?
The alveoli becomes permanently damaged making it difficult to obtain oxygen
often caused by smoking
What are the symptoms of emphysema?
shortness of breath
lips and nails turn bluish grey
not mentally alert
persistent cough
How is emphysema monitored/ diagnosed
Spirometry- measures the volume of air breathed out in total and the force within the first second
How is emphysema treated?
physiotherapy
oxygen therapy- portable oxygen tank fir when at home if necessary
pulmonary rehabilitation
what impacts on lifestyle/changes does emphysema have
stop smoking
may need to move to a one story home
oxygen cylinder
difficulty completing daily tasks
What is cystic fibrosis?
When a thick mucus is produced which blocks the bronchioles and prevents movement of gasses
Also traps bacteria so infections are common
How is cystic fibrosis causes?
Defective gene on each pair of chromosomes
What are the symptoms/ effects of cystic fibrosis?
poor weight gain breathlessness/ wheezing fertility issues chest infections difficulty absorbing nutrients
How is cystic fibrosis diagnosed?
Blood test- genes
sweat test- amount of saly
How is cystic fibrosis treated?
phsyiotherapy- consits of exercises in order to manipulate parts of the body
high calorie diet
lung transplant
air way cleaning devices in order to remove mucus
what are the life style changes/ impacts of cystic fibrosis?
have to be careful when mixing with other people regular hospital appointments lots of medication change diet travel difficulties lack of energy
What is the larynx ?
voice box that sits above trachea
What is the trachea?
connects the mouth to the lungs, air passes through
What is the bronchi?
connects the trachea and the bronchioles
What are the bronchioles?
become smaller as they get closer to lung tissue and eventually become alveoli
What are the alveoli?
tiny air sacs where gas exhange takes place
what is the diaphragm?
muscle at the bottom of the lungs
what are the intercostal muscles?
move the chest cavity to allow expansion
what are the pleural membranes?
two membranes around the lungs which allow lubrication
what happens during inhaling/ inspiration?
the diaphragm contracts downwards so the space gets bigger
the pressure inside the lungs decreases which makes air rush in
what happens during exhaling/ expiration
diaphragm relaxes and moves up so the space gets smaller
pressure increases and the air is pushed out
How are the alveoli adapted for their role?
alveoli are one cell thick so oxygen can easily diffuse through
alveoli are made from epitheial cells
popcorn shaped which increases surfacs area
What is cellular respiration
process that turns oxygen and glucose into a form of energy we can use called ATP
glucose+oxygen - c02 +ATP + heat + water
What are the three parts of cellular respiration
glycosis- happens in cytoplasm
krebs cycle
electron transport chain
what is anaerobic respiration
no oxygen
used durinf exercise
produces less atp
