Unit 4 - characteristics, HD and HDI Flashcards
What measurement is used to classify countries based on income?
GNI per capita
What is GNI per capita?
The total value of goods and services a country’s citizens produce (including the value of income earned by citizens who may be working in an overseas country) divided by the population/per person in the population.
List 3 characteristics of low income countries
low average incomes/high levels of poverty
limited range of industries
low access to safe water
low access to adequate sanitation
low access to food/high levels of food insecurity
low education levels
under-established healthcare systems
high levels of inequality
*NOTE: THESE ARE NOT HEALTH STATUS INDICATORS
List 3 characteristics of middle income countries
medium average incomes/intermediate levels of poverty
medium range of industries
intermediate access to safe water
intermediate access to adequate sanitation
moderate access to food/medium levels of food security
medium education levels
medium level healthcare systems
moderate levels of inequality
*NOTE: THESE ARE NOT HEALTH STATUS INDICATORS
List 3 characteristics of high income countries
high average incomes/low levels of poverty
wide range of industries
high access to safe water
high access to adequate sanitation
high access to food/high levels of food security
high education levels
well established healthcare systems
lower levels of inequality
*NOTE: THESE ARE NOT HEALTH STATUS INDICATORS
What are communicable diseases?
diseases that can be spread/exchanged between people (e.g. infectious and parasitic diseases) such as cholera, TB, measles, HIV/AIDS
What are non-communicable diseases?
also known as lifestyle diseases that cannot be spread/exchanged between people (e.g. cancer, CVD)
Describe the “double burden of disease”
when conditions associated with both poverty and wealth exist side by side in one community, such as undernutrition and high levels of communicable diseases e.g. cholera, alongside non-communicable diseases such as obesity as a result of globalisation.
What is Human Development?
Human development is about creating an environment in which people can develop to their full potential and lead productive, creative lives in accordance with their needs and interests. It is about expanding people’s choices and enhancing capabilities (the range of things people can be and do), having access to knowledge, health and a decent standard of living, and participating in the life of their community and decisions affecting their lives.
What is the Human Development Index?
A tool developed by the United Nations to measure and rank countries’ level of social and economic development. It provides a single statistic (0-1) based on three dimensions – a long and healthy life, knowledge and a decent standard of living – and four indicators – life expectancy at birth, mean years of schooling, expected years of schooling and Gross National Income per capita.
What measurement is used to classify countries based on their level of human development or social and economic development?
Human Development Index - CANNOT SAY HDI AS IT IS YOUR ANSWER SO MUST EXPAND
What is life expectancy at birth?
The number of years a person can expect to live (calculated at birth) if mortality rates do not change.
What is mean years of schooling?
The average number of years of schooling achieved by those 25 and over.
What is expected years of schooling?
The number of years of formal schooling expected to be achieved by those entering the school system.
What is GNI per capita?
The average income per person in a country, once debts to other countries have been paid.
