Risk Factors

Question 1

Smoking

Answer 1

When something is burned and the smoke is inhaled to be absorbed into the bloodstream, generally relates to tobacco but other drugs like marijuana can also be smoked.

Question 2

Alcohol

Answer 2

A depressant drug which means it slows down the central nervous system and impairs messages resulting in a sedative effect, slower reaction time, etc. Alcohol is energy dense therefore high in kilojoules.

Question 3

Binge drinking

Answer 3

Drinking more than 4 standard drinks in one sitting; short term.

Question 4

Alcoholism or alcohol addiction

Answer 4

A long term condition; a constant desire to drink. Can also be referred to as alcohol dependence.

Question 5

BMI

Answer 5

A height to weight ratio, calculated by weight (kg)/ height (m)2. It is a measure that can be used to indicate if a person is underweight, healthy weight, overweight or obese.

Question 6

High BMI

Answer 6

A BMI of 30 or over is classified as obese.

Question 7

Soluble Fibre

Answer 7

It has a binding effect that can lead to the increased removal of cholesterol from the body; found in fruits, vegetables, oats and legumes.

Question 8

Insoluble Fibre

Answer 8

Plays a major role in adding bulk to faeces; found in fresh fruits and vegetables e.g. corn, wholegrains.

Question 9

Energy densefoods

Answer 9

Foods that contain significant amounts of fat, carbohydrates and/or protein, they contribute large amounts of energy to the diet especially processed foods such as donuts, meat pies, hot chips, soft drink

Question 10

Nutrient densefoods

Answer 10

Foods that contain a large amount of nutrients such as vitamins and minerals e.g. fruits, vegetables and dairy.

Question 11

Cholesterol

Answer 11

A waxy, fat-like substance that is found in all cells of the body. Cholesterol is used by the body for the production of hormones, vitamin D (from sunlight) and digestive enzymes. Found in foods containing fat e.g. animal fats such as dairy i.e. butter, meat e.g. beef.

Question 12

Low density lipoprotein (LDL)

Answer 12

Carry cholesterol from the liver to the cells; high LDL levels produce a build up of cholesterol in arteries which can be LETHAL. Found in saturated fats (animals products e.g. dairy, meat, eggs) and trans fats (donuts, meat pies, pre-packaged foods e.g. supermarket cakes)

Question 13

High density lipoprotein (HDL)

Answer 13

Carry cholesterol from other parts of the body to the liver, which then removes it from the body which means they are HELPFUL. Found in unsaturated fat foods e.g. polyunsaturated fats (fish)

Question 14

Antioxidants

Answer 14

Compounds found in foods that neutralize free radicals making them less susceptible to becoming cancerous; found in fruits and vegetables.

Question 15

Dairy

Answer 15

Includes milk, cheese and yoghurt; dairy foods are high in calcium, a mineral responsible for the ossification or hardening of bones and teeth.

Question 16

Monounsaturated fats

Answer 16

A ‘good or healthy’ fat as reduce LDL cholesterol; food sources include avocado and olive oil.

Question 17

Polyunsaturated fats

Answer 17

A ‘good or healthy’ fat as reduce LDL cholesterol and increase HDL cholesterol; food sources include fish.

Question 18

Saturated fats

Answer 18

Derived from animal fats e.g. red meat, eggs, butter; saturated fat foods are energy dense and increase LDL cholesterol.

Question 19

Trans fats

Answer 19

Trans fat foods are highly processed and energy dense e.g. meat pie, supermarket cakes, packet chips; they increase LDL cholesterol and decrease HDL cholesterol.

Question 20

Salt

Answer 20

A mineral that is made up of sodium and chloride, sodium in high levels can have a negative impact on health by drawing water out of cells and increasing blood volume, increasing blood pressure/causing hypertension. Food sources include table salt, salted nuts, salted chips, tomato sauce, processed meats such as bacon, salami.

Question 21

Sugar

Answer 21

A form of carbohydrate that the body converts to glucose; food sources include soft drinks, lollies, flavoured milk. High sugar foods are energy dense.

Question 22

Iron

Answer 22

A mineral involved in haemoglobin, the oxygen carrying component of red blood cells. Food sources include animal products such as red meat and eggs, also green leafy vegetables e.g. spinach, broccoli.

Question 23

Iron deficiency anaemia

Answer 23

Low red blood cell count causing a lack of oxygen to bodys organs, insufficient haemoglobin. Symptoms include fatigue, light headedness, dizziness, fast heartbeat, shortness of breath