Types of Aid Flashcards

1
Q

What is aid?

A

Assistance given to countries or communities in the event of a crisis OR for the development of long-term sustainable improvements.

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2
Q

What is emergency aid?

A

Rapid provision of resources e.g. food, clean water, temporary shelter to people/countries in immediate distress to relieve suffering during and/or after an unforeseen event e.g. civil war, hurricane.

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3
Q

What is the purpose of emergency aid?

A

TO keep people alive; respond to the most urgent needs of people by providing essential resources.

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4
Q

What is an advantage of emergency aid?

A

Quick aid provides essentials to those most in need THEREFORE it can save lives, reducing mortality rates/increasing life expectancy (promoting health status).

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5
Q

What is a limitation of emergency aid?

A

Short term so not usually sustainable THEREFORE may not improve BoD, LE or HD long term.

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6
Q

Provide two examples of emergency aid

A
  • Providing food following Asian tsunami
  • Providing shelter after Pakistan floods
  • Providing medical supplies during war between Sudan and South Sudan
  • Providing water following earthquake in Nepal
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7
Q

What is bilateral aid?

A

Aid is given by the government of one country directly to the government of another country (often in the form of money, but can also be services and personnel)

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8
Q

What is the purpose of bilateral aid?

A

TO help reduce poverty and bring about long-term sustainable development by helping governments of recipient countries to strengthen their economic, political, health and education systems and eventually become self-sufficient

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9
Q

What is an advantage of bilateral aid?

A
  • countries work together to ensure the aid meets the needs of the recipient country THEREFORE increasing the impact of the aid and it’s sustainability to achieve long term health gains.
  • can help strengthen ties between countries THEREFORE promoting relationships for trade and regional security.
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10
Q

What is a limitation of bilateral aid?

A
  • Often used in major cities so may not reach those most in need (rural and remote areas) THEREFORE not improving the health of those of lowest HS.
  • Aid can be used to put political or economic pressure on the receiving country; the country may then end up owing a donor country or organisation a ‘favour’ THEREFORE can be detrimental to long term health outcomes.
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11
Q

Provide two examples of bilateral aid

A
  • DFAT providing aid to the government of Timor Leste through building schools, helping to run elections, helping to maintain peace.
  • DFAT providing funding to the government of Papua New Guinea to implement treatment and education around HIV/AIDS.
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12
Q

What is multilateral aid?

A

Aid is provided through an international organisation e.g. United Nations, World Health Organisation, UNICEF, World Bank, GAVI (Vaccine Alliance); it combines donations from a number of countries and then distributes funds to countries in need.

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13
Q

What is the purpose of multilateral aid?

A

TO contribute to the achievement of EQUITY in health and wellbeing and promote human development.

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14
Q

What is an advantage of multilateral aid?

A
  • International organisations have greater reach as they are active throughout the world and have many resources THEREFORE can have significant impact on global health.
  • Less tied to political interests of individual donor countries THEREFORE reduced pressure on recipient countries to ‘repay the favour’ so to speak.
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15
Q

What is a limitation of multilateral aid?

A

Can be a slower process for donations to be processed, pooled and distributed THEREFORE may be delay in achieving health and human development outcomes.

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16
Q

Provide two examples of multilateral aid

A
  • UN using donations to build an orphanage in Cambodia
  • UN using donations to provide financial assistance in Ethiopia
  • UN using donations to provide a literacy program in India
17
Q

What is aid provided by a non-government organisation?

A

Assistance provided by non-profit organisations that operate separately from governments (may receive some funding from governments but also rely on public donations).
They tend to run specific smaller, COMMUNITY-based projects focusing on addressing POVERTY. Can also provide emergency aid.

18
Q

What is the purpose of aid provided by non-government organisations?

A

TO help meet specific/targeted basic health and wellbeing needs and promote community development and participation.

19
Q

What is an advantage of aid provided by non-government organisations?

A
  • Build strong connections with local communities and tend to have expertise in poverty THEREFORE trust is often established, increasing effectiveness of programs
  • Can access areas others don’t or can’t reach e.g. rural/remote, fragile conflict affected areas THEREFORE can provide support to the most vulnerable.
20
Q

What is a limitation of aid provided by a non-government organisation?

A
  • Generally relies on ongoing donations therefore may not be beneficial long term.
21
Q

Name two non-government organisations and provide an example of aid they may provide

A
  • World Vision: Better Food, Better Health project in Timor Leste
  • Tabitha Foundation: addresses poverty in Cambodia (house building, wells programs, building and equipping schools)
  • International Red Cross: healthcare and disaster relief worldwide