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Parasitology > Unit 4 - Cestodes > Flashcards

Unit 4 - Cestodes Flashcards

1
Q

Acoelomates have:

A

NO body cavity

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2
Q

Describe the body shape of cestodes:

A

dorsoventrally flat chain of segments

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3
Q

Are cestodes monoecious or dioecious?

A

monoecious (hermaphroditic)

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4
Q

Where are the majority of cestode adults located?

A

SI

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5
Q

What life cycle stage of cestodes is typically not pathogenic?

A

adults

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6
Q

The body of the cestode is called a ______ and each of the segments are _________.

A

strobila; proglottids

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7
Q

Cestodes: direct or indirect life cycle?

A

indirect

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8
Q

How many intermediate hosts do “true” cestodes (Order Cyclophyllidea) have?

A

1

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9
Q

How many IH do “primitive” cestodes (Diphyllobothriidea) have?

A

2

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10
Q

What is the Cyclophyllidea scolex?

A

suckers +/- hooks

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11
Q

Diphyllobothriidea scolex?

A

Bothria (groove)

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12
Q

Genital pore location for Cyclophyllidea:

A

lateral

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13
Q

Diphyllobothriidea genital pore location:

A

medial (with the uterine pore)

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14
Q

How are Cyclophyllidea eggs shed?

A

in gravid proglottids; eggs without opercullum

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15
Q

How are Diphyllobothriidea eggs shed?

A

shed from pore in proglottids; eggs operculate

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16
Q

larval cestode in IH:

A

metacestode

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17
Q

Which stage of the cestode life cycle is more often associated with disease?

A

metacestodes

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18
Q

How many types of metacestodes do Cyclophyllideans have?

A

6 types (depends on species)

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19
Q

Metacestodes that develop into 1 adult in DH (only one worm is contracted):

A
  • Cysticercus
  • Strobilocercus
  • Cysticercid
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20
Q

Metacestodes that develop into multiple adults in DH:

A
  • Coenurus
  • Unilocular hydatid cyst
  • Alveolar (multiocular) hydatid
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21
Q

What are the two metacestode stages of Diphyllobothriideans? Which stage develops in 1st IH? 2nd IH?

A

Procercoid (1st IH), Plerocercoid (2nd IH)

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22
Q

Each plerocercoid develops into:

A

1 adult cestode

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23
Q

“bladder worm”

A

Cysticercus

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24
Q

Cysts in cysts; internal budding. Thick walled and slow growing:

A

Unilocular hydatid cyst (endogenous)

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25
Q

external budding:

A

alveolar (multiocular) hydatid (exogenous)

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26
Q

What are the two genera of importance from the Family Taeniidae?

A

Taenia, Echinococcus

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27
Q

What is the zoonotic potential of Taenia/Echinococcus?

A

humans may be DH or dead-end IH

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28
Q

DH and IH for Taenia, Echinococcus (Cyclophyllidea):

A

mammals (predator/prey)

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29
Q

DH for Taenia pisiformis:

A

canids

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30
Q

What is ingested by canids when dealing with Taenia pisiformis?

A

cysticercus

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31
Q

What is the IH for Taenia pisiformis?

A

rabbit

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32
Q

What is the DH for Taenia hydatigena?

A

canids

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33
Q

What is the IH for Taenia hydatigena?

A

ruminants, swine

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34
Q

Not as common as T. pisiformis in domestic dogs:

A

Taenia hydatigena

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35
Q

DH for Taenia taeniaeformis:

A

felids

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36
Q

IH for Taenia taeniaeformis:

A

rodents

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37
Q

larva ingested for DH infection with T. hydatigena:

A

cysticercus

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38
Q

What stage of T. taeniaeformis is ingested to cause infection in the DH?

A

strobilocercus

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39
Q

What is the general PPP for all Taenia spp.?

A

1.5 months

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40
Q

Pork tapeworm

A

Taenia solium

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41
Q

Beef tapeworm

A

Taenia saginata

42
Q

Two Taenia spp. of public health importance:

A

solium, saginata

43
Q

What is ingested from pork/beef meat to cause infection in humans (T. solium/saginata)?

A

cysticercus

44
Q

Humans can be an accidental IH for which Taenia spp?

A

solium

45
Q

Has very small adult stages but very large metacestodes:

A

Echinococcus spp.

46
Q

Which stage of Echinococcus spp is zoonotic?

A

metacestodes

47
Q

DH for Echinococcus granulosus:

A

canids

48
Q

IH for Echinococcus granulosus:

A

primarily ungulates (humans)

49
Q

What’s important to note about Echinococcus granulosus eggs?

A

Taeniid eggs: cannot differentiate from Taenia spp

50
Q

Domestic cycle of Echinococcus granulosus:

A

dogs (DH) –> sheep (IH)

51
Q

Sylvatic cycle of Echinococcus granulosus:

A
  1. wolf (DH) –> caribou (IH)

2. dingo (DH) –> kangaroo (IH)

52
Q

How can humans become accidentally infected with E. granulosus?

A

primarily by ingesting eggs while handling dogs

53
Q

DH for Echinococcus multilocularis:

A

foxes, other canids (rarely cats)

54
Q

IH for Echinococcus multilocularis:

A

rodents (humans)

55
Q

Pathology for this helminth mimics hepatic carcinoma when it accidentally infects humans:

A

E. multilocularis

56
Q

E. granulosus larval type:

A

unilocular hydatid cyst

57
Q

Larval type for E. multilocularis:

A

multilocular (alveolar) hydatid cyst

58
Q

Location of E. granulosus in IH:

A

liver, lung, other

59
Q

Location of E. multilocularis in IH:

A

abdominal cavity

60
Q

PPP for Echinococcus spp?

A

~1 month

61
Q

AKA 1. Cucumber tapeworm 2. Flea tapeworm and 3. Double-pored tapeworm:

A

Diplydium caninum

62
Q

DH for Dipylidium caninum?

A

felids and canids

63
Q

How does the DH get infected with D. caninum?

A

ingestion of infected IH

64
Q

What is the IH for Dipylidium caninum?

A

Ctenocephalides felis

65
Q

Zoonotic Dipylidium spp?

A

caninum

66
Q

Dipylidium caninum eggs appear in:

A

“packets”

67
Q

Infective stage for Dipylidium caninum:

A

cysticercoid

68
Q

Location of adults in DH for Anoplocephala perfoliata?

A

ileum; cecum; ileocecal junction

69
Q

DH for Anoplocephala perfoliata?

A

equids

70
Q

IH for Anoplocephala perfoliata:

A

Oribatid mites (free-living mites)

71
Q

May cause pathology in DH including inflammation and ulceration:

A

A. perfoliata

72
Q

Which species of helminths have eggs with a “pyriform” appartus?

A

A. perfoliata, Moniezia spp.

73
Q

DH for Moniezia spp?

A

ruminants

74
Q

Common helminth of ruminants, not considered pathogenic:

A

Moniezia spp

75
Q

IH for Moniezia spp?

A

oribatid mites

76
Q

Infective stage of Moniezia spp:

A

cysticercoid

77
Q

“fringed tapeworm”

A

thysanosoma spp

78
Q

DH for Thysanosoma spp:

A

small ruminants; rarely cattle and deer

79
Q

IH for Thysanosoma spp:

A

“book lice” or “bark lice”

80
Q

infective stage for Thysanosoma spp:

A

cystocercoid

81
Q

Has egg packets similar to Dipylidium:

A

Thysanosoma spp

82
Q

Adults are in SI, bile ducts, and pancreatic ducts:

A

Thysanosoma spp

83
Q

Spirometra DH:

A

felids, canids, raccoons

84
Q

PH for Spirometra:

A

non-fish vertebrates (2nd IH)

85
Q

1st IH for Spirometra:

A

copepod

86
Q

Where is Spirometra spp common?

A

southeastern US

87
Q

What GI signs are adult spirometra associated with?

A

vomiting, diarrhea, weight loss

88
Q

When the plerocercoid causes disease:

A

sparganosis

89
Q

DH for Diphyllobothrium latum:

A

canids, felids, humans

90
Q

PH/2nd IH for Diphyllobothrium latum:

A

freshwater fish

91
Q

1st IH for Diphyllobothrium latum:

A

copepod

92
Q

Geographic distribution for D. latum:

A

cold climates (including northern US)

93
Q

PPP for spirometra spp:

A

10-30 days

94
Q

“holdfast organ”

A

scolex

95
Q

Causes neurocysticercosis in humans:

A

Taenia solium

96
Q

Also known as the “sparganum”

A

plerocercoid

97
Q

What are the adult Diphyllobothriidean cestodes that are more likely to causes disease?

A
  • Spirometra
  • Diphyllobothridium
  • Anoplocephala perfoliata
  • Thysanosoma
98
Q

Has dogs as the direct host with sheep as the intermediate host:

A

Taenia multiceps

99
Q

Has dogs are the directs host with rabbits and cats as the IH:

A

Taenia serialis

100
Q

What is the metacestode stage for both T. multiceps and T. serialis?

A

coenurus

Parasitology (13 decks)

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