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Parasitology > Unit 2 - Mites > Flashcards

Unit 2 - Mites Flashcards

1
Q

What are two orders of mites and ticks?

A

Acariformes (mites), Parasitiformes (mites, ticks)

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2
Q

How are mites and ticks different?

A

size, time/location on host, some life cycle stages, some aspects of morphology

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3
Q

List the mange mite groups:

A
  • Sarcoptes
  • Notoedres
  • Chorioptes
  • Psoroptes
  • Demodex
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4
Q

List the ear mite groups:

A
  • Otodectes

- Psoroptes cuniculi

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5
Q

What is the general pathogenesis of acariasis?

A
  • most affect the skin

- related to where mites are going to be

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6
Q

General life cycle of parasitic mites:

A
  • life cycle occurs on host
  • mostly in epidermis
  • over 2-3 weeks
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7
Q

Sarcoptes scabei: host-specific variants vs. species?

A

host-specific

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8
Q

S. scabiei hosts:

A

wide range of hosts, except CATS (rare)

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9
Q

S. scabiei life cycle:

A
  • on host
  • in epidermis (just below the stratum corneum)
  • over 2-3 weeks
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10
Q

What are the clinical signs of sarcoptic mange?

A
  • papules, erythema, pruritis –> hyperkaratosis, alopecia

- self-trauma, secondary infections, crusting

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11
Q

Severed scabies:

A

“crusted scabies”

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12
Q

Scabies common name in dogs:

A

itch mite

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13
Q

Scabies common name in cattle:

A

barn itch

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14
Q

Scabies common name in sheep/goats:

A

head scab

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15
Q

Scabies common name in horses:

A

no name

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16
Q

Scabies common name in pigs:

A

no name, but common!

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17
Q

Initial lesion seen with itch mite in dogs:

A

lateral elbows, lateral hocks, edge of pinna

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18
Q

Initial lesion seen with barn itch in cattle:

A

abdomen, neck, medial hind legs

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19
Q

Initial lesion seen with head scab in sheep/goats:

A

face, ears, ventrum

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20
Q

Initial lesion seen with scabies in horses:

A

neck, shoulders, face

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21
Q

Initial lesion seen with scabies in pigs:

A

ears, back

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22
Q

Diagnosis methods for Sarcoptes scabiei:

A
  1. skin scraping (negatives not conclusive)

2. response to treatment

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23
Q

What’s important to remember about treating scabies?

A

treat all contact animals of same species

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24
Q

Scabies zoonotic potential?

A

non-human variants

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25
Q

Notoedres cati host:

A

wild or domestic felids

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26
Q

How long is the life cycle of Notoedres cati?

A

~3 weeks

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27
Q

Pathogenesis of N. cati:

A

thick, scaly skin, pruritis –> self trauma, systemic signs

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28
Q

Very similar to sarcoptic mange in dogs, though mainly affects head & neck:

A

N. cati

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29
Q

Does N. cati have zoonotic potential?

A

yes

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30
Q

Diagnosis and tx for Notoedres cati:

A

same as S. scabei; tx w/ ivermectin, also lime sulfur dips

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31
Q

Hosts for Psoroptes cuniculi:

A

rabbits, goats, horses

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32
Q

Psoroptes spp. in large animals is:

A

reportable!

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33
Q

Psoroptes life cycle:

A
  • non-burrowing on skin (do not bury deep)

- ~2-3 weeks

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34
Q

Common name of Psoroptes in cattle:

A

cattle scab

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35
Q

initial lesions associated with cattle scab:

A

back, tail, head, shoulders

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36
Q

Common name of Psoroptes in sheep/goats:

A

scab

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37
Q

Initial lesions associated with Psoroptes in sheep/goats:

A

neck, back

38
Q

Common name of Psoroptes in horses:

A

not common

39
Q

Initial lesion associated with Psoroptes in horses:

A

base of mane

40
Q

Foot and tail mange of large animals; not reportable in any host:

A

Chorioptes spp.

41
Q

Chorioptes spp. host:

A

cattle, horses

42
Q

Chorioptes spp. life cycle:

A
  • ~3 weeks

- non-burrowing

43
Q

Clinical signs/Pathogenesis for Chorioptes spp.:

A

mild to none

44
Q

Common names for cattle Chorioptes:

A
  • Foot & Tail mange

- tail scab

45
Q

Initial lesions of cattle Chorioptes:

A

base of tail, udder, hind feet

46
Q

Common names for Sheep/Goat Chorioptes:

A

foot & tail mange

47
Q

What are the initial lesions for sheep/goat Chorioptes:

A

interdigital, base of tail, scrotum

48
Q

Common names for horse Chorioptes:

A

foot mange, itchy leg

49
Q

Initial lesions of horse Chorioptes:

A

foot, base of tail

50
Q

Otodectes cynotis:

A

ear mites

51
Q

Otodectes cynotis hosts:

A

dogs, cats, ferrets…

52
Q

How long is the life cycle of O. cynotis:

A

about 3 weeks

53
Q

Clinical Signs/Pathogenesis of Otodectes cynotis:

A
  • inflammation and trauma of feeding mites
  • self trauma
  • canals become excessively moist (cerumen - purulent black exudate)
  • inflammation –> pruritis –> self-trauma
54
Q

How do you diagnose Otodectes cynotis?

A

ear swabs

55
Q

O. cynotis treatment:

A
  • avermectins preferred (topical or systemic)
  • repeated (2 treatments, two weeks apart) may be necessary
  • treat all animals in household!!
56
Q

Normal fauna of host skin:

A

Demodex

57
Q

Demodex hosts:

A

species-specific

58
Q

Demodex species for humans:

A

D. brevis, D. folliculorum

59
Q

Demodex life cycle:

A
  • completed in hair follicles or sebaceous glands
  • no mites in environment
  • ~ 20-35 days
  • all stages by direct transmission contact
60
Q

2 forms of demodicosis:

A
  1. squamous

2. papulonodular

61
Q

Clin path of squamous demodicosis:

A

dry, scaly, dermatitis, alopecia

62
Q

Squamous demodicosis can be:

A

localized or generalized

63
Q

Which type of demodectic mange has no age predilection?

A

generalized

64
Q

Which type of demodectic mange affects dogs <1 yr old?

A

localized

65
Q

Which type of demodectic mange is a little hereditary?

A

localized

66
Q

Which type of demodectic mange is small, well-defined, and patchy?

A

localized

67
Q

Which type of demodectic mange has large, coalescing lesions that leads to pruritis and secondary infection?

A

generalized

68
Q

Which form of demodectic mange is best left alone?

A

localized

69
Q

Which type of demodectic mange has a poor prognosis if left untreated?

A

generalized

70
Q

How do you treat generalized demodectic mange?

A
  • high dose, long term daily avermectin
  • spay intact females
  • manage underlying cause
71
Q

Feline demodectic mange affects:

A

any age/breed but is uncommon and may go unrecognized

72
Q

Large animal demodicosis is common in cattle that are:

A

pregnant/lactating

73
Q

Initial lesions associated with large animal demidocosis in cattle:

A

nodular-neck, shoulders

74
Q

Is large animal demodicosis common in sheep?

A

rare

75
Q

Is large animal demodicosis common in horses?

A

rare

76
Q

Is large animal demodicosis common in pigs?

A

rare

77
Q

Large animal demodicosis is common in goats that are:

A

young/pregnant

78
Q

Initial lesions associated with large animal demidocosis in sheep:

A

diffuse; scaly - neck, flank, shoulders

79
Q

Initial lesion associated with large animal demidocosis in goats:

A

nodular - face, neck, axilla, udder

80
Q

Initial lesion associated with large animal demidocosis in horses:

A

diffuse; scaly

81
Q

Initial lesion associated with large animal demodicosis in pigs:

A

nodular - snout

82
Q

Cheyletiella hosts:

A

dogs, cats

83
Q

Cheyletiella life cycle:

A
  • ~35 days

- non-burrowing

84
Q

Cheyletiella clinical signs/pathogenesis:

A
  • exfoliative alopecia
  • dogs: exfoliative dermatitis, inflammation, hyperaesthesia
  • cats: *long-haired breeds, similar signs esp. on head/trunk
85
Q

Cheyletiella diagnosis:

A

skin scrape

86
Q

Cheyletiella treatment:

A

avermectins, acaricide shampoos

87
Q

Pneumonyssoides canis host:

A

dogs

88
Q

Pneumonyssoides canis life cycle:

A
  • all stages in sinuses, superficial
  • not fully understood
  • ~3 weeks
89
Q

Clinical signs associated with Pneumonyssoides canis:

A

rhinitis, hyperemic mucosa

90
Q

How do you diagnose Pneumonyssoides canis?

A

rhinoscopy; nasal swabs

91
Q

Pneumonyssoides canis tx:

A

mainly avermectins

Parasitology (13 decks)

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