Unit 2 - Diptera Flashcards
What are the general characteristics of Diptera?
- true flies “two winged”
- complex metamorphosis
Parasitism by fly larvae that can be termed by tissue location
Myiasis
Involves fly species whose larvae are always parasitic (screwworms & botflies); require living host for development:
Obligatory myiasis
Larvae can either be free-living or parasitic; opportunistic; have the ability to exploit living tissue:
Facultative myiasis
What is the main parasitic stage in a Diptera lifecycle?
larvae
Location of G. intestinalis eggs:
legs, shoulders
Location of G. nasalis eggs:
intermandibular region
Location of G. haemorrhoidalis eggs:
lips
Where in the host are Gasterophilus intestinalis larvae (bots) found?
nonglandular stomach
Where in the host are Gasterophilus nasalis larvae (bots) found?
pylorus and duodenum
Where in the host are Gasterophilus hemorrhaidlis larvae (bots) found?
duodenum and rectum
Gasterophilus
Horse bots
Pathogenesis of Gasterophilus spp.
little path - some stomach rupture, splenic abscess, peritonitis
Diagnosis and treatment of horse bots?
remove feces and attached eggs
List some of the common names for Cuterebra:
rabbit bots, rabbit warbles, rodent bots
What are some common hosts for Cuterebra spp?
rodents, squirrels, rabbits, dogs, cats, etc.
Important point about the Cuterebra life cycle:
adults lay eggs in host habitat
Cuterebra pathogenesis:
larvae get into fur and enter via natural opening; burrow into SQ
Cattle grubs
hypoderma
Common names for adult hypoderma?
heel flies, gad flies, warble flies
Common names for Hypoderma larvae?
grubs, warbles, wolves
How are Hypoderma lineatum eggs laid on host?
in rows on legs
How are Hypoderma bovis eggs laid on host?
singly on legs
Where in the host are H. lineatum larvae (grubs) found?
esophagus
Where in the host are H. bovis larvae (grubs) found?
spinal cord
Hypoderma pathogenesis:
injury when + trying to escape flies; production/value loss
Hypoderma tx:
immediately after fly activity stops and with Macrocyclic lactones
Sheep nasal fly bot/sheep nose bot/sheep gadfly/sheep botfly/etc.
Oestrus ovis
Common host of Oestrus ovis:
sheep
Clinical signs of Oestrus ovis:
usually subclinical - sometimes sneezing, nasal discharge, blockage
Important point about Oestrus ovis life cycle:
all stages occur in the nasal cavity
Tx for this bot fly is typically not necessary:
Oestrus ovis
Primary screwworm fly:
Cochliomyia hominovorax
Secondary screwworm fly:
Cochliomyia macellaria
List some types of blowflies that cause cutaneous myiasis:
1o and 2o blowflies (Phaenicia, Phormia, Lucilia)
Common names for face flies (Musca autumnalis):
raven fly, yellow bellies
What is the veterinary importance of Musca autumnalis (face flies)?
- can transmit eye worm thelazia
- perform mechanical and biological transmission
Major problem in chicken houses, dairy barns, and swine operations
Musca domestica (house flies)
Veterinary importance of Musca domestica?
pathogen transmission
stable fly, dog fly
Stomoxys
horn fly
Haemotobia
horse fly
Tabanus
deer fly
Chrysops
sheep ked
Melophagus
deer keds - also attach horses, etc.
Lipoptena
horse louse flies
Hippobosca
As adults, Muscidae are:
blood feeders
Stomoxys site of infection on host:
backs of cows, dairy cattle, dogs, horses, humans
Haemotobia site of infection:
beef cattle, horses
Stomoxys repro activity?
breed in manure w/ fee
Haemotobia repro activity?
breed in manure only
Have large eyes (“green heads”) and livestock fighting them off may not graze well:
Horse flies (Tabanus)
Have banded wings; larvae feed on organic matter in soil:
Deer flies (Chrysops)
What’s true of the adult flies in the Tabanidae family (Tabanus and Chrysops)?
only adult females are blood feeders
Vector for malaria:
anopheline (nonhuman primates, man, birds) and/or culicine (birds)
Malaria vertebrate hosts:
birds, nonhuman primates, man
Organism for malaria:
plasmodium
Organism for heartworm:
D. immitis
Vertebrate host for heartworm:
dogs (mainly)
Heartworm vectors:
anopheline, culicine
Organisms for elephantiasis:
Wuchereria, Brugia
Vertebrate host for elephantiasis:
Wuchereria - man
Brugia - man, primates, dog, cats
Vectors for elephantiasis:
mosquitos
Organism for yellow fever:
virus
Vertebrate host for yellow fever:
nonhuman primates and man
Vector for yellow fever:
culicine
Organisms for equine encephalitides (EEE, WEE, VEE):
virus(es)
Vertebrate host for equine encephalitides:
equines, humans, etc.
Vector for equine encephalitides:
various
Mosquito genera of importance:
Anophelinae, culicinae
Mosquito breeding sites:
usually require water
Only females are blood feeders; not all are parasitic:
mosquitos
Mosquito importance regarding direct disease:
nuisance, allergies, blood loss
Mosquito importance regarding indirect disease:
nematodes, viruses, protozooans, etc.
Mosquito importance regarding medicine:
1 vector of human importance
Lay egg rafts, standing water breeders/flood water
Culicoides
1/2 spp. feed on mammals, 1/2 feed on birds, and some on reptiles and amphibians:
Culicoides
Which mosquito species is a vector for heartworm, encephalitis, yellow fever, and chikanguya?
Culicoides
Also known as biting midges, biting gnats, etc:
Culicoides
Also know as black flies, buffalo gnats, etc:
Simulium
small stout-bodies mosquitoes with a hump on their thorax, short antennae, breed in running water, and are known as daytime biters:
Simulium
What diseases can Simulium mosquitoes be a vector for?
vesicular stomatitis, onchoceriasis, avian hemosporidians
Lutzomyia, Phlebotomus:
sand flies
Small, dull-colored, nocturnal mosquitoes that are weak flies:
Lutzomyia, Phlebotomus
Vet med importance of Lutzomyia and Phlebotomus?
vesicular stomatitis, Leishmania
Kissing Bugs
Trypanasoma cruzi
