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Parasitology > Unit 3 - Strongyloides & Ascarids > Flashcards

Unit 3 - Strongyloides & Ascarids Flashcards

1
Q

Strongyloides ransomi

A

swine

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2
Q

Strongyloides westeri

A

equids

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3
Q

Strongyloides papillosus

A

ruminants

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4
Q

Strongyloides stercoralis

A

canids

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5
Q

Strongyloides tumefaciens

A

felids

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6
Q

What is the strongyloides infective stage?

A

L3

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7
Q

The free living stages of Order Rhabditida (strongyloids) are:

A

L1 & L2

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8
Q

Free living life cycles are associated with:

A

heterogenic

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9
Q

parasitic life cycles are associated with:

A

homogenic

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10
Q

Which stage of the life cycle is passed in the feces for the free living strongyloides?

A

L1

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11
Q

Which stage of the life cycle is passed in the feces for the parasitic strongyloides?

A

larvae

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12
Q

Strongyloides larvae in contaminated soil:

A

penetrate the skin

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13
Q

For the strongyloides parasitic life cycle, what is the only gender of parasite that is actually parasitic?

A

females

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14
Q

What are the two ways the preoral transmission can move through the body?

A
  1. penetrate oral mucosa and migrate (as percutaneous does)

2. ingest infective L3; go directly to SI

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15
Q

What are the routes of infection utilized by S. ransomi (swine)?

A
  • percutaneous *
  • preoral
  • transmammary **
  • transplacental
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16
Q

What are the routes of infection utilized by S. westeri (equids)?

A
  • percutaneous
  • preoral
  • transmammary **
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17
Q

What are the routes of infection for S. papillosus (ruminants)?

A
  • percutaneous

- transmammary

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18
Q

What are the routes of infection for S. stercoralis (canids)?

A
  • percutaneous
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19
Q

What are the routes of infection for S. tumefaciens (felids)?

A
  • percutaneous

- preoral

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20
Q

What is the primary route of infection for S. papillosus in sheep/goats?

A

percutaneous

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21
Q

What is the primary route of infection for S. papillosus in cattle?

A

transmammary

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22
Q

What type of infection of S. ransomi is key to epidemiology in swine?

A

transmammary

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23
Q

S. ransomi pathogenicity is usually in:

A

nursing piglets (b/c of transmammary infection)

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24
Q

What are the clinical signs of S. ransomi in piglets?

A
  • acute enteritis

- bloody diarrhea, anemia, severe weight loss, stunted growth

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25
Q

What is the best way to manage S. ransomi infections in pigs?

A
  • high level of hygiene esp. in pens
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26
Q

Which horses most commonly see infections of S. westeri?

A

suckling and weanling foals

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27
Q

What is the most important transmission method for S. westeri in horses?

A

transmammary transmission

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28
Q

When do foals shed S. westeri eggs?

A

10-14 days after birth

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29
Q

S. westeri clinical signs (3):

A
  • usually inapparent
  • catarrhal enteritis
  • diarrhea
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30
Q

What is the zoonotic potential of S. westeri?

A

creeping eruption - allergic response to free-living L3 in humans

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31
Q

Which strongyloides spp. have zoonotic potential?

A
  • ransomi
  • papillosus
  • westeri
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32
Q

What are some of the clinical symptoms of S. papillosus?

A
  • usually inappetent
  • usually warmer climates
  • diarrhea
  • anorexia
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33
Q

What is the peak time of infection for calves with S. papillosus?

A

1-3 months

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34
Q

What is the peak time of infection for lambs/kids with S. papillosus?

A

2-6 weeks

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35
Q

Transmission route for S. papillosus?

A

Percutaneous - bacteria readily enter inter-digital skin (foot rot)

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36
Q

S. papillosus, is more generally seen in (geography):

A

warmer climates

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37
Q

What are the more prominent clinical symptoms of S. papillosus in kids/lambs/calves?

A

ataxia due to brain lesions (also diarrhea, dehydration, anorexia, and emaciation)

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38
Q

What is the appropriate diagnostic method for S. ransomi, westeri, and papillosus?

A

fecal flotation

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39
Q

Describe the visual characteristics of S. ransomi, westeri, and papillosus eggs:

A
  • oval
  • thin-shelled
  • larvated
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40
Q

Give me the two most important characteristics of the adults of S. ransomi, westeri, and papillosus:

A
  1. embedded in SI mucosa

2. generally nee skin scraping of the mucosa

41
Q

What is the most important prevention method for S. ransomi, westeri, and papillosus?

A

maintain clean, dry environment

42
Q

What is the most rare form of infection associated with S. stercoralis?

A

autoinfection

43
Q

What are the infective stages of S. stercoralis?

A

L3a (auto-infection) and L3i (infective)

44
Q

What is the path/development of L3a of S. stercoralis?

A
  • develop within the intestine of dog

- invade dog through wall of large intestine

45
Q

What is path/development of L3i of S. sterocralis?

A
  • develop in environment

- invade dog through skin

46
Q

S. stercoralis can be asymptomatic to serious. What are some of its clinical symptoms?

A
  • dermatitis
  • catarrhal enteritis
  • necrosis of intestinal mucosa
  • mucoid/bloody diarrhea
  • dehydration
  • bronchopneumonia (cranioventral)
  • death
47
Q

Where can the L3a of S. stercoralis be found for diagnosis?

A

lung of host

48
Q

Although only a few S. stercoralis L3a can be found in the lung at any one time, damage to the lung can be:

A

severe

49
Q

What stage of S. stercoralis will be seen in feces of infected host?

A

L1

50
Q

What is the technique of choice for diagnosing S. stercoralis?

A

Baermann - use fresh L1

51
Q

Diagnosing of S. stercoralis by using the adults can be done using what 4 tests?

A
  • mucosal scraping
  • parasitic female
  • IFAT
  • ELISA
52
Q

Where is S. stercoralis most often a problem?

A

kennels

53
Q

What is a major problem associated with S. stercoralis?

A

its zoonotic potential

54
Q

Which strongyloides species is a rare infection seen in cats?

A

tumefaciens

55
Q

What clinical signs are seen with S. tumefaciens?

A

grossly visible tumor-like nodules

56
Q

Where can S. tumefaciens be seen in the host?

A

large intestine (colonoscopy)

57
Q

Which ascarids are found in poultry?

A
  • Ascaridia galli

- Heterakis gallinarum

58
Q

Which ascarids are found in swine?

A

Ascaris suum

59
Q

Which ascarids are found in equids?

A

Parascaris equorum

60
Q

Which ascarids are found in raccoons and dogs?

A

Baylisascaris procyonis

61
Q

Which ascarid is found in both dogs and cats?

A

Toxascaris leonina

62
Q

Which ascarid is found only in dogs?

A

Toxocara canis

63
Q

Which ascarid is found only in cats?

A

Toxocara cati

64
Q

What is the PH of both Ascaridia galli and H. gallinarum?

A

earthworm

65
Q

Clinical symptoms associated with Ascaridia galli?

A
  • anorexia
  • unthriftiness
  • diarrhea
  • dull plumage
  • decreased egg production
66
Q

What causes the symptoms associated with H. gallinarum?

A

the protoza that transfers it - Histomonas meleagridis

67
Q

Which species is most important when dealing with H. gallinarum and H. meleagridis?

A

turkeys

68
Q

What’s the difference in the PH of Ascaridia galli and H. gallinarum?

A
  • Ascaridia: PH ingests L3

- Heterakis: PH ingests L2

69
Q

Where are the L3, L4, and adults located for Ascaridia galli?

A

All are in SI

70
Q

Where are the L3, L4 and adults located for H. gallinarum?

A

All are in Ceca

71
Q

What is the most significant lesion assocaited with H. gallinarum?

A

typhlitis (inflammation of cecum)

72
Q

How do you diagnose Ascaridia galli and H. gallinarum?

A

fecal flotation for eggs

73
Q

What are the paratenic hosts for Ascaris suum (swine)?

A
  • dung beetle

- earth worm

74
Q

Where are the infective L3 of Ascaris suum released?

A

SI mucosa (then undergo hepato-pulmonary migration)

75
Q

What stage of Ascaris suum is ingested by the PH?

A

L3

76
Q

Ascaris suum pathogenesis associated with the liver:

A
  • cellular destruction
  • interstitial hepatitis
  • “milk spots” (localized fibrotic areas)
77
Q

Ascaris suum pathogenesis associated with the lungs:

A
  • hemorrhage, bronchitis, edema

- pneumonia in young pigs

78
Q

Ascaris suum pathogenesis associated with SI:

A
  • catarrhal enteritis
  • adult worms interfere with nutrition
  • obstruction or perforation
79
Q

Ascaris suum clinical signs (5):

A
  • coughing
  • “thumps” (rapid, shallow breathing)
  • unthriftiness
  • colic
  • weight loss
80
Q

Diagnosis of Ascaris suum is dependent upon:

A

fecal float - eggs
adult stages - necropsy
clinical signs

81
Q

Different clinical signs associated with Parascaris equorum are due to:

A

different stages

82
Q

P. equorum larvae cause what clinical signs (2):

A

coughing

bilateral mucopurulent nasal discharge

83
Q

How can you diagnose Parascaris equorum?

A

eggs - fecal float

adults - necropsy (in SI)

84
Q

What is the only difference in life cycles for Ascaris suum (pigs) and Parascaris equorum?

A

A. suum has a potential paratenic host

85
Q

What is one of the most significant parts of the T. leonina life cycle?

A

no somatic migration

86
Q

Why is there no mammary or transplacental transmission associated with T. leonina?

A

no somatic migration

87
Q

Which is more common: Toxocara spp. or Toxascaris?

A

Toxocara spp.

88
Q

Very rarely are Toxascaris leonina infections reported in:

A

humans

89
Q

How do you diagnose Toxascaris leonina?

A

eggs - fecal float

adults - necropsy, vomit, feces

90
Q

What is the most important route of infection for Toxocara cati?

A

transmammary - infection ONLY when queen is lactating

91
Q

Clinical signs of Toxocara cati:

A
  • often asymptomatic
  • pot-bellied
  • failure to thrive
92
Q

The L3 for Toxocara canis ALD and reactivate for which two routes of infections?

A
  1. mammary

2. transplacental

93
Q

What happens when Toxocara canis infects puppies?

A

transplacental –> fetal liver –> neonatal lungs; L3 to stomach

94
Q

What are the clinical symptoms associated with Toxocara canis in puppies?

A
  • verminous pneumonia
  • enteritis
  • Ulcers in SI
  • occlusion of SI (uncommon)
  • death possible
95
Q

Toxocara canis diagnosis:

A

eggs - fecal float

96
Q

Describe what Toxascaris leonina looks like on fecal float:

A
  • smooth surface

- empty space within the egg

97
Q

What is the PH for Baylisacaris procyonis?

A

small mammals, birds

98
Q

What is the pathology for Baylisacaris spp. in the DH?

A

usually none

99
Q

What is the pathology for Baylisacaris spp. in other species?

A
  • mechanical damage to tissues
  • brain and spinal cord lesions
  • lung damage (from migration)
  • inflammation, hemorrhage, necrosis

Parasitology (13 decks)

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