Unit 4 - AOS 3 - Chronic Adaptations

Question 1

Name Aerobic Cardiovascular chronic adaptations

Answer 1

• Increased left ventricle size and volume
• Increased capillarisation of heart muscle
• Increased stroke volume
• Decreased resting and submax HR and faster recovery HR
• Decreased HR during submax workloads
• Increased Cardiac output at Max intensity
• Decreased blood pressure
• Increased Blood Volume (plasma, RBC)
• Increased LIP
• Increased Arterio-venous oxygen Difference

Question 2

Aerobic - Cardiac Hypertrophy

Answer 2

Cardiovascular
- Increased size of left ventricular cavity
-> Increase volume of blood which can enter heat

Question 3

Aerobic - Capillary density

Answer 3

Cardiovascular
- Increase in amount of capillaries in heart itself
-> increases blood flow

Question 4

Aerobic - Cardiac Output (Max intensity)

Answer 4

Cardiovascular
- volume of blood pumped by the heart per min (HR x SV)
->Any increases in the Cardiac output at maximal intensity are due to an increase in Heart rate as the stroke volume has reached its filling capacity of the heart after submax. Increases blood flow.

Question 5

Name aerobic respiratory chronic adaptations

Answer 5

• Increased Pulmonary diffusion
• Increase Lung Minute Ventilation
• Decreased resting and submax respiratory frequency
• Increased tidal volume

Question 6

Name aerobic muscular chronic adaptations

Answer 6

• Increased Myoglobin levels
• Increase muscular fuel stores (glycogen)
• Increased oxidative enzymes
• Increased Fuel enzymes (lipolytic & glycolytic)
• Increase oxidation of glycogen and triglycerides
• Increased mitochondria size, number and density

Question 7

What is the combined aerobic chronic adaptation?

Answer 7

Increased Maximum oxygen uptake (VO2 max)
= “The volume of oxygen consumed, transported and utilised by body per ml/min/kg.

Question 8

Name anaerobic cardiovacular chronic adaptations

Answer 8

• Increased cardiac hypertrophy (increased thickness of left ventricle wall

Question 9

Name ATP-PC (anaerobic) Muscular chronic adaptations (x2)

Answer 9

• Increased muscle stores of ATP and PC
• Increased activity of ATP-PC system enzymes (ATPase)

Question 10

Name Anaerobic Glycolysis (anaerobic) Muscular chronic adaptations (x3)

Answer 10

• Increased Glycogen Stores
• Increased Glycolytic enzyme stores and activity
• Increased Lactate tolerance

Question 11

Name resistance training (anaerobic) Muscular chronic adaptations (x3)

Answer 11

• Increased muscular hypertrophy (myofibrils)
• Increased motor unit recruitment
• Increased fast twitch fibres (type 2)

Question 12

VO2 Max

Answer 12

Aerobic - all three systems

Cardiac Output Q x a-VO2 diff
(Maximum oxygen uptake)